pituitary, thread, parathyroid, and adrenal disorders

Question 1

Anterios pituitary gland secretes (6)

Answer 1

1. growth hormone (GH),
2. thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH),
3. adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4. gonadotropins (follicle-stimulating hormone [FSH]
5. luteinizing hormone [LH])
6. prolactin (PRL).

Question 2

GH must be administered before the ____ are fused.

Answer 2

epiphyses

Question 3

What can happen with prolonged GH therapy?

Answer 3

Prolonged GH therapy can antagonize insulin secretion and eventually cause diabetes mellitus.

Question 4

What is somatropin used for?

Answer 4

Somatropin is a growth hormone used to treat growth failure in children because of GH deficiency. Somatropin is a product that has the identical amino acid sequence as human growth hormone (HGH).

Question 5

When is somatropin contraindicated in patients?

Answer 5

Prader-Willi syndrome and are severely obese or who have severe respiratory impairment

Question 6

What can cause gigantism and acromegaly?

Answer 6

GH hypersecretion and are frequently caused by a pituitary tumor.

Question 7

posterior pituitary gland, known as the _____, secretes _____ and ___.

Answer 7

neurohypophysis
antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
oxytocin

Question 8

What does ADH do?

Answer 8

ADH promotes water reabsorption from the renal tubules to maintain water balance in the body fluids.

Question 9

What is diabetes insipidus (DI)?

Answer 9

When there is a deficiency of ADH, large amounts of water are excreted by the kidneys. This condition, called diabetes insipidus (DI), can lead to severe fluid volume deficit and electrolyte imbalances.

Question 10

DI treatment

Answer 10

ADH replacement, vasopressin, desmopressin acetate

Question 11

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is

Answer 11

An excessive amount of water retention expanding the intracellular volume

Question 12

What is the treatment for SIADH?

Answer 12

fluid restrictions, hypertonic saline, or by drugs such as demeclocycline, conivaptan, and tolvaptan.

Question 13

The adenohypophysis secretes______ in response to ________from the hypothalamus.

Answer 13

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
thyroid-releasing hormone (TRH)

Question 14

Excess ___ secretion can cause hyperthyroidism, and a ___ deficit can cause hypothyroidism.

Answer 14

TSH

Question 15

__________ is the drug of choice for replacement therapy for the treatment of primary hypothyroidism. It increases the levels of T4 and metabolically is deiodinated to T

Answer 15

Levothyroxine sodium

Question 16

Hyperthyroidism can be treated by _______, _____, or _____, which inhibit either synthesis or release of thyroid hormone.

Answer 16

surgical removal of a portion of the thyroid gland (subtotal thyroidectomy
radioactive iodine therapy
antithyroid drugs

Question 17

_______ and ______ are effective thioamide antithyroid drugs. They are useful for treating ____, ______, ______; they are also used prior to ______ treatment or ____

Answer 17

Propylthiouracil and methimazole
Graves disease, toxic nodular goiter, or multinodular goiter
radioiodineor thyroid surgery.

Question 18

The parathyroid glands secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH), which regulates____- levels in the blood. The action of PTH is to promote ______ absorption from the GI tract, promote reabsorption of ____ from the renal tubules, and activate ______

Answer 18

calcium
vitamin D.

Question 19

____ is a vitamin D analog that promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract and secretion of calcium from bone to the bloodstream.

Answer 19

Calcitriol

Question 20

what is most common treatment for primary hyperparathyroidism.

Answer 20

Partial or full parathyroidectomy

Question 21

nursing action prior to bisphosphonate therapy

Answer 21

Serum calcium concentration should be obtained, and any hypocalcemia must be corrected prior
- Adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D is essential during therapy.

Question 22

Steroids are secreted by the adrenal cortex in response to signals from the _________ axis; the levels are regulated by the __________.

Answer 22

hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
negative feedback mechanism

Question 23

adrenal hyposecretion can lead to

Answer 23

adrenal insufficiency, or Addison disease

Question 24

adrenal hypersecretion

Answer 24

Cushing syndrome

Question 25

What are some side effects and adverse reactions of high doses or prolonged use of glucocorticoids?

Answer 25

increased blood sugar, abnormal fat deposits in the face and trunk, decreased extremity size, muscle wasting, edema, sodium and water retention, hypertension, euphoria or psychosis, thinned skin with purpura, increased intraocular pressure, peptic ulcers, and growth retardation.

Question 26

glucocorticoid therapy key nursing intervention

Answer 26

ose should be tapered to allow the adrenal cortex to produce cortisol and other corticosteroids