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Histology Endocrine > Pituitary, Pineal, and some Thyroid > Flashcards

Pituitary, Pineal, and some Thyroid Flashcards

1
Q

common features of endocrine organs

A

parenchyma = cords or clumps of hormone producing cells

highly vascular = fenestrated capillaries

ductless glands (not exocrine)

secretes hormones = peptide, amino acids derivatives, or steroids

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2
Q

adenohypophysis

A

anterior pituitary gland

glandular tissue (adeno-)

more cellular than posterior (darker staining)

origin = ectoderm from roof of mouth

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3
Q

neurohypophysis

A

posterior pituitary

neural secretory tissue

lighter staining = mostly axons

origin = ectoderm from floor of brain

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4
Q

divisions of anterior pituitary

A

pars distalis

pars tuberalis

pars intermedia

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5
Q

divisions of posterior pituitary

A

median eminence

infundibulum

pars nervosa

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6
Q

chromophils

A

cells that stain alot

cells that make and secrete pars distalis hormones

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7
Q

chromophobes

A

do not take up dye….in pars distalis

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8
Q

folliculostellate cells

A

non secretory cells in pars distalis

unknown function

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9
Q

acidophils

A

pink staining cells in H&E stain and orange in PAS stain

secrete GH and prolactin from pars distalis

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10
Q

basophils

A

purple staining cells in H&E and PAS stains

secrete FSH, LH, TSH, and ACTH from par distalis

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11
Q

superior hypophyseal artery

A

need to provide arterial blood to organ to provide O2

remove waste products, and to bring nutrients to tissue itself

branches out into meshwork of fenestrated capillaries surrounding the hypothalamus

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12
Q

how do RFs get from hypothalamus towards pars distalis

A

superior hypophyseal artery

within capillary meshwork…the termini of neuroendocrine cells that release RFs

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13
Q

pathways of RFs to pars distalis

A
  1. capillary meshwork around hypothalamus
  2. plexus collapses down into portal veins (hypophyseal portal veins)
  3. releasing hormones shunted down into secondary capillary plexus which open up portal veins into meshwork of fenestrated capillaires surrounding millions of acido and basophils
  4. stimualtes relase of pars distalis hormone
  5. drain out by hypophyseal veins
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14
Q

RFs are usually broken down by what after stimulate target cell

A

internalized and broken down by lysosomes into amino acids

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15
Q

what artery infuses the pars nervosa

A

inferior hypophyseal artery

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16
Q

pars intermedia

A

cuboidal cells and colloid containing cysts (remnants of Rathke’s pouch)

secretes MSH (melanocyte stimulating hormone)
--> stimulates melanin production in lower animals
17
Q

pars nervosa

A

unmyelinated axons and pituicytes (supportive glial like cells)

18
Q

where are oxytocin and ADH made

A

made in separate neurons whose cell bodies are located in both the PVN and SON

neuroendocrine cells will either make ADH or oxytocin….but not both at the same time –>they are mixed up in the PVN

19
Q

neurophysin

A

carrier hormone for oxytocin and ADH

20
Q

ADH staining

A

stain in the PVN in the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary gland in the Herring Bodies

21
Q

Pineal Gland stroma

A

CT capsule (pia mater) and septae that divide the gland into lobules

fenestrated capillaries

corpora arenacea = brain sand = calcified concretions

22
Q

pineal gland parenchyma

A

90% of cells = pinealocytes
- arranged in clumps and cords within lobules

1 or 2 elongated cell processes at the end in association with capillaries

produce melatonin during periods of dark

intersitial cells = glial like cells

23
Q

melatonin

A

produced by pineal gland cells

secreted during dark phase of light/dark cycle

involved in circadian and seasonal biorhythms

antigonadal effect in rats

antiproliferative effects on rbeast and prostate canacers

has an effect on downplaying the gonads

24
Q

melatonin regulation of secretion

A

innervation of postganglionic sympathetics form the superior cervical ganglion

axons synpase on the pinealocytes and control the production of melatonin

25
Q

Thyroid gland structure

A

fibroelastic CT capsule and septae

strome =reticular cells and reticular fibers

highly vascular with fenestrated capillaries

cannot remove thryoid glands without also removing parathyroid glands

26
Q

thyroid follicle

A

structural unit of gland lined with follicular cells (squamous to low columnar)

pre hormone is stored in colloid

27
Q

parafollicular cells vs follicular cells

A

parafollicular cells = calcitonin

follicular cells = T3 and T4

28
Q

EM of follicular cells

A

losts of RER, golgi, and lysozymes

29
Q

where does TSH bind

A

basal side of follicular cells

Histology Endocrine (3 decks)

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