Clinical Correlations

Question 1

pituitary ademona

Answer 1

benign tumor that can put pressure on other structures around it

location near optic chiasm - can lead to vision problems, and increase intracranial pressure if its big

monotonous appearance, small round cells arranges in cords/nests
–> doesn’t look to bad - so lab results needed to confirm

Question 2

Graves disease histology

Answer 2

tall columnar thyroid epithelium, hyperplastic infoldings into colloid

clear vacuoles next to epithelium -> increased activity of epithelium to produce TH –> scalloping of colloid

Question 3

Hashimoto histology

Answer 3

a lot of lymphocytic infiltrate with numerous lymphoid follicles

painless sweeling of thyroid, not a nodule

followed later by atrophy and hypothyroidism

Lymphoma = malignancy associated with Hashimoto

Question 4

best to worst prognosis for thyroid cancer

Answer 4

1. papillary
2. follicular
3. medullary
4. anaplastic

Question 5

papillary thyroid cancer

Answer 5

80%, associated with ionizing radiation

well formed papillae lined by cells with characteristic empy appearing nuclei
= Orphan Annie eye
= distinct feature of this

Question 6

follicular thyroid cancer

Answer 6

15%

begins in follicular cells

metastasizes easily into blood vessels especially

well differentiated

Question 7

medullary thyroid cancer

Answer 7

3%

begins in C cells, slow growht

produces hyaline and amyloid like material - clear pink glassy material

tends to be more diffuse

secretion of calcitonin

Question 8

anaplastic thyroid cancer

Answer 8

2%

begins in follicular

fast growth

Question 9

Cushing Syndrome

Answer 9

overproduction of cortisol

symptoms include moon face and buffalo hump

adenoma looks like a normal zona fasciculata

Question 10

Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome

Answer 10

hemorrhagic necrosis of usually both adrenal gland

caused by meningococcal infection