Pituitary, Hypothalamic, Calcium Meds

Question 1

desmopressin (DDAVP)

Answer 1

Synthetic Vasopressin Derivative

• used in the tx of diabetes insipidus of pituitary origin
• oral, iv, SC or intranasal

Question 2

vasopressin (Pitressin)

Answer 2

• hormone produced in posterior pituitary
• can act on V1 (CV effects) and V2 (renal tubule) receptors
• used in tx of diabetes insipidus
• oral, iv, SC, or intranasal

Question 3

oxytocin (Pitocin)

Answer 3

• hormone produced in post. pituitary
• modulates transmembrane ion currents in the smooth muscle of the myometrium to produce sustained uterine contractions
• used to induce labor (IV or IM)

Question 4

vitamin D

Answer 4

• synthesized via complex series of actions involving the liver, kidney, and skin, some of which are influenced by PTH
• main effect= inc. absorption of Ca from gut (also dec. excretion of Ca in urine and inc. Ca reabsorption from bone)
• net effect= inc. serum Ca
• oral or IM administration

Question 5

vitamin D2 (ergocalciferol)

Answer 5

• plant derived and used to make vitamin D

- same affects as natural vit D

Question 6

vitamin D3 (calcitriol)

Answer 6

• animal derived and used to make vitamin D

- same effects as natural vit D

Question 7

PTH/teriparatide (Forteo)

Answer 7

exogenous PTH

• when given at low doses on daily bases, acts on osteoblasts to STIMULATE bone formation
• injectible
• has opposite effects then what PTH does physiologically
• only treatment that stimulates formation of new bone
• expensive

Question 8

calcitonin (Calcimar)

Answer 8

• made in C cells of the thyroid and inhibits bone reabsorption and causes dec. serum Ca
• available as Salmon calcitonin (longer 1/2 life) and synthetic human calcitonin
• used SC, IM, or intranasal

Question 9

SRIH

Answer 9

• somatostatin

- inhibits secretion of GH from pituitary

Question 10

prolactin

Answer 10

• structurally homologous to GH and prolactin receptor structurally homologous to GH receptor
• stimulates lactation and inhibits reproductive functions
• not used as a drug
• release normally inhibited by dopamine

Question 11

somatostatin

Answer 11

-inhibits GH release from the pituitary

Question 12

hyperprolactinemia

Answer 12

• abnormal hypersecretion of prolactin

- common cause of amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and female infertility that is treated with dopa agonists

Question 13

alendronate

Answer 13

biophosphonate

• taken up by osteoclasts and slows the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (main component of bone).
• inhibit geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (inhibit bone resorption).
• PO only
• Do not lay down right after taking (esophagitis); can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Question 14

etidronate

Answer 14

biophosphonate

• taken up by osteoclasts and slows the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (main component of bone).
• inhibit geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (inhibit bone resorption).
• Do not lay down right after taking (esophagitis); can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Question 15

ibandronate

Answer 15

biophosphonate

• taken up by osteoclasts and slows the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (main component of bone).
• inhibit geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (inhibit bone resorption).
• PO, IV
• Do not lay down right after taking (esophagitis); can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Question 16

pamidronate

Answer 16

biophosphonate

• taken up by osteoclasts and slows the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (main component of bone).
• inhibit geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (inhibit bone resorption).
• Do not lay down right after taking (esophagitis); can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Question 17

tiludronate

Answer 17

biophosphonate

• taken up by osteoclasts and slows the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (main component of bone).
• inhibit geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (inhibit bone resorption).
• Do not lay down right after taking (esophagitis); can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Question 18

zoledronate

Answer 18

biophosphonate

• taken up by osteoclasts and slows the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (main component of bone).
• inhibit geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (inhibit bone resorption).
• PO, IV
• Do not lay down right after taking (esophagitis); can cause osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Question 19

denosumab

Answer 19

Antibody that binds RANKL and prevents it from binding to RANK receptors on osteoclasts (decreases bone resorption)

Question 20

growth hormone

Answer 20

GH
-use: GH deficieny, wasting in AIDs
-human recombinant given SQ daily or IM monthly
side effects- peripheral edema, impaired glucose tolerance, carpal tunnel, hypothyroidism
injection site reactions and headaches

Question 21

sermorelin acetate

Answer 21

GH analog
-injectible
side effects- peripheral edema, impaired glucose tolerance, hypothyroidism
injection site reactions and headache

Question 22

IGF-1

Answer 22

mediate effects of GH
-human, recombinant
Used only in syndromes of GH resistance
-injection

Question 23

pegvisomant

Answer 23

GH antagonist

• SQ injection
• binds to GH receptor but it doesn’t allow dimerization
• 9 amino acid mutation of wild-type GH, 5 of these have covalently attached polethylene glycol moieties

Question 24

octreotide

Answer 24

somatostatin agonist

• inhibit the release of GH
• selective for type 2 and 5 receptors
• side effects: GI- nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, Gallstones are common

Question 25

lanreotide

Answer 25

somatostatin agonist

• inhibit the release of GH
• selective for type 2 and 5 receptors
• side effects: GI- nausea, flatulence, abdominal pain, Gallstones are common

Question 26

bromocriptine

Answer 26

D2 agonist

• inhibits the release of prolactin
• treatment of amenorrhea, galactorrhea, and infertility
• side effects: nausea, headaches, orthostatic hypotension

Question 27

cabergoline

Answer 27

D2 agonist

• inhibits the release of prolactin
• treatment of amenorrhea, galactorrhea and infertility
• side effects: nausea, headache, orthostatic hypotension