Pharmacogenetics

Question 1

carvedilol

Answer 1

Metabolized by CYP2D6

Question 2

codeine

Answer 2

Metabolized by CYP2D6 (to morphine)

Question 3

metoprolol

Answer 3

Metabolized by CYP2D6

Question 4

isoniazid

Answer 4

Prodrug activated to active form= isonicotinic acyl-NADH
-slow metabolizers have isoniazid excess ->peripheral neuropathy
+slow metabolizers lack N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT-2).

Question 5

morphine

Answer 5

active form of codeine

-remember: metabolized via glucronidation (M-3-glucuronide and M-6-glucuronide)

Question 6

thiopurine

Answer 6

metabolized by thiopurine-S-methyltransferase.

Question 7

venlafaxine

Answer 7

Metabolized by CYP2D6

Question 8

warfarin

Answer 8

Common polymorphisms: CYP2C9 (pharmacokinetics) and VKORC1 (pharmacodynamics)
Metabolized by CYP2C9

Question 9

clopidogrel

Answer 9

Metabolized by CYP 2C19

Question 10

pharmacogenetics

Answer 10

study of how genetic differences among individuals cause varied responses to a drug

Question 11

pharmacogenomics

Answer 11

biotechnological science that combines the technique of medicine, pharmacology, and genomics

Question 12

phase I enzymes

Answer 12

P450 CYP

oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis

Question 13

phase II enzymes

Answer 13

conjugation
acetylation (NAT2)
glucuronidation
glutathionation
sulfation

Question 14

ultra-rapid metabolizer

Answer 14

higher than normal enzyme activity

-usually due to gene duplication

Question 15

extensive metabolizer

Answer 15

normal activity

two copies of normal genes

Question 16

intermediate metabolizer

Answer 16

half-normal enzyme activity

-usually one copy of low activity gene

Question 17

poor metabolizer

Answer 17

little or no enzyme activity

-two copies of low activity gene