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Year 2 - Endocrine > Pituitary gland > Flashcards

Pituitary gland Flashcards

1
Q

Hypothalamus is directly connected to pituitary gland via the

A

infundibulum (pituitary stalk)

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2
Q

Define a non-tropic hormone

A

One that acts directly on targeted tissues or cells, and not on other endocrine gland to stimulate release of other hormones

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3
Q

Define a trophic hormone

A

A hormone that governs the release of another hormone from an endocrine gland

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4
Q

Technically speaking, which is a true endocrine gland - anterior or posterior pituitary gland - and why

A

Anterior pituitary - epithelial origin

Posterior pituitary is just an extension of neural tissue

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5
Q

Name the 2 forms of neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus - including those secreted via the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary lobe) + describe them

A

Tropic
-secreted into capillaries from hypothalamus travelling to anterior pituitary to stimulate/inhibit release of AP hormones

Non-tropic
-neurohormones produced in the hypothalamus and travel to posterior pituitary (via axons of hypothalamic neurons) where they are released into blood

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6
Q

Pituitary gland sits in what

A

Hypophyseal fossa

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7
Q

Pituitary gland divided into

A

Anterior and posterior pituitary

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8
Q

Hypothalamic communication with the posterior pituitary is…

Hypothalamic communication with the anterior pituitary is…

A

neural (i.e. nerves)

endocrine

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9
Q

All hormones released by the posterior pituitary are…

A

neurohormones (from the hypothalamus)

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10
Q

Does the hypothalamus release tropic or non-tropic hormones or both

A

Both

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11
Q

Does the anterior pituitary release tropic or non-tropic hormones or both

A

Both

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12
Q

What is the posterior pituitary lobe also known as

A

neurohypophysis

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13
Q

All tropic hormones released by the hypothalamus are tropic hormones except

A

dopamine (amine hormone)

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14
Q

What is the hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal system

A

Network of capillaries which transfer trophic hormones from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

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15
Q

All hormones released by the posterior pituitary are…

A

neurohormones (from the hypothalamus)

Posterior pituitary just stores it at its nerve terminals and releases when triggered

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16
Q

What is the hypothalamus-hypophyseal portal system

A

Network of capillaries which transfer tropic hormones from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

  1. Neurons synthesising tropic hormones release them into capillaries of the portal system
  2. Portal vessels carry the tropic hormones directly to the anterior pituitary
  3. Endocrine cells release their hormones into the second set of capillaries for distribution to body

(two capillary beds connected IN SERIES)

17
Q

What is the specific point called where hormones are released from neurosecretory neurons

A

Median eminence

18
Q

What is the anterior pituitary lobe also known as

A

Adenohypophysis

19
Q

List the 2 neurohormones produced by the hypothalamus and secreted via the neurohypophysis (posterior pituitary lobe)

A

Vasopressin (aka anti-diuretic hormone (ADH))

Oxytocin

20
Q

All tropic hormones released by the hypothalamus are peptide hormones except

A

dopamine (amine hormone)

21
Q

Neurohormones secreted by the PP are made in the

A

hypothalamus

22
Q

Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH) released from the hypothalamus stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete what

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

23
Q

List the tropic hormones released by the hypothalamus that stimulate the anterior pituitary

  • releasing (5)
  • inhibiting (2)
A

Releasing hormones

  • Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone (TRH)
  • Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH)
  • Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH)
  • Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)
  • Prolactin Releasing Hormone (PRH)

Inhibiting hormones

  • Growth Hormone Inhibiting Hormone (GHIH) aka somatostatin
  • Dopamine aka Prolactin Inhibiting Hormone (PIH)
24
Q

List the hormone families (2) and major individual hormones secreted (6) by the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary lobe)

A

Tropic

  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone -(TSH)
  • Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH)
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinising Hormone (LH)
  • Growth Hormone (GH)

Non-tropic
-Prolactin

25
Q

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) produced by the anterior pituitary is aka

A

thyrotropin

26
Q

Adrenocorticotrophic Hormone (ACTH) produced by the anterior pituitary aka

A

corticotropin

27
Q

What 2 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary belong to the gonadotropin family

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Luteinising Hormone (LH)

stimulate the gonads

28
Q

Which hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary is the only one that is not tropic

A

prolactin

29
Q

prolactin stimulates what

A

milk production from the breast during lactation

30
Q

Hormones themselves can act as a negative feedback signal by

A

feeds back to inhibit hormone secretion by integrating centres earlier in the reflex

31
Q

Hormone negative feedback loops can be short or long, what constitutes as a short or long loop

A

Long loop = feedback from endocrine target organ/tissue

Short loop = feedback from anterior pituitary to hypothalamus

32
Q

Neurohormones secreted by the posterior pituitary are synthesised by what special kind of neurons which have their cell bodies in the hypothalamus

A

Magnocellular

33
Q

does the posterior pituitary release tropic or non-tropic hormones

A

non-tropic

34
Q

Define hypo/hyperresponsiveness in terms of endocrine disorders

A

reduced response of the target cell
-relates to alterations in receptor for hormone

increased response of the target cell

35
Q

Define a primary endocrine disorder

A

those in which the defect is in the cells that secrete the hormone, e.g. primary hyperthyroidism

36
Q

Define a secondary endocrine disorder

A

those in which there is too little or too much tropic hormone from pituitary, e.g. secondary hyperthyroidism – AP releasing too much TSH

37
Q

Define a tertiary endocrine disorder

A

relate to hypothalamic defects, e.g. tertiary hyperthyroidism – hypothalamus releasing too much TRH

38
Q

What could hyperresponsiveness seen in endocrine disorders be due to

A

permissive effects, e.g. thyroid hormone ++ adrenaline mediated lipolysis.

Year 2 - Endocrine (21 decks)

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