Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 - Endocrine > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Pituitary gland sits in what hollow

A

hypophyseal fossa (in sphenoid bone)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Pituitary gland is connected to the hypothalamus via what

A

pituitary stalk (infundibulum)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

optic chiasm is where in relation to pituitary gland

A

superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pituitary gland has 2 lobes

A

anterior lobe (adenohypophysis)

posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anterior pituitary stains … whereas posterior pituitary stains …

A

dark

pale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anterior pituitary made up of 3 types of cells

A

Acidophilic - stain pink
Basophilic - stain light purple
Chromphobic - don’t stain much, just pale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 types of acidophils

A

somatotrophs - generate somatotropin (also known as growth hormone)

mammotrophs - generate prolactin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 types of basophils

A

Corticotrophs - secrete ACTH and MSH
Thyrotrophs- secrete TSH
Gonadotrophs - secrete FSH and LH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main secretory cells of the AP are acidophils and basophils; what are the secretory cells in the PP

A

nerve cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arterial supply of the pituitary gland (2)

A

Branches of ICA

  • superior hypophyseal artery - supplies AP
  • inferior hypophyseal artery - supplies PP
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Venous drainage of the pituitary gland

A

hypophyseal veins into the cavernous sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

3 strap muscles that overlie the thyroid gland

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Omohyoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2 nerves that supply the muscles of the vocal cord

A

Recurrent laryngeal - between trachea and oesophagus

External laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arterial supply of the thyroid gland (2)

A

Superior and inferior thyroid artery (branches of ECA and thyrocervical trunk respectively)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Venous drainage of the thyroid gland

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyroid gland sits anterior to what

A

trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Surface marking of thyroid gland

A

Inferior to thyroid cartilage

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

During thyroid surgery, care must be taken to not damage what nerve

A

recurrent laryngeal - as it passes underneath they thyroid gland to innervate the larynx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What type of epithelium lines the follicles of the thyroid gland

A

cuboidal

20
Q

What cells of the thyroid produce calcitonin

A

parafollicular (C-cells)

21
Q

Location of parathyroid glands

A

Lateral half of the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

22
Q

What separates the thyroid gland from the parathyroid glands

A

thin fibrous capsule

23
Q

Superior parathyroid glands are situated at the level of the

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage

24
Q

Inferior parathyroid glands are situated at the level of the

A

inferior poles of the thyroid gland, but variable

25
Q

Arterial supply to the parathyroid glands

A

inferior thyroid arteries

26
Q

Venous drainage of the parathyroid glands

A

Thyroid veins

27
Q

2 types of cells in the parathyroid glands

A

chief cells (more abundant) and oxyphil cells

28
Q

Peritonisation of the adrenal glands

A

retroperitoneal (like the kidneys)

29
Q

2 parts of the adrenal glands

A

outer cortex and inner medulla

30
Q

Embryonic origin of the cells making up the adrenal cortex/ medulla

A

cortex - mesoderm

medulla - neuroectoderm

31
Q

Arterial supply of the adrenal glands (3) + what artery they arose from

A

Superior adrenal artery - from inferior phrenic
Middle adrenal artery - from abdo aorta
Inferior adrenal artery - from renal artery

32
Q

Venous drainage of the adrenal glands (2) + what do they drain into

A

Right adrenal vein - drains into IVC

Left adrenal vein - drains into left renal vein

33
Q

Anterior relations of the adrenal gland

A

On the right

  • IVC
  • liver

On the left

  • spleen
  • stomach
34
Q

Posterior relations of the adrenal gland

A

right and left crus of diaphragm

35
Q

3 parts of the adrenal cortex + what they secrete

A

outer zona glomerulosa - secretes mineralocorticoids, e.g. aldosterone

middle zona fasiculata - secretes glucocorticoids, e.g. cortisol

inner zona reticularis - secretes androgens, e.g. dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

36
Q

Adrenal medulla contains what cells which secrete catecholamines, e.g. adrenaline and noradrenaline

A

chromaffin cells

37
Q

Innervation of adrenal glands (2)

A

coeliac plexus and abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

38
Q

Peritonisation of pancreas

A

retroperitoneal

39
Q

Different sections of the pancreas (5)

A

Uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail

40
Q

Relations of the pancreas

A

Head sits in curve of duodenum
Stomach is anterior to it
Spleen is posterolateral to it

41
Q

Arterial supply of each part of the pancreas + which one of these is the main blood supply overall

A

Neck, body and tail - splenic a

Head - superior and inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries

42
Q

Islets of Langerhans made up of what 3 cells

A

Alpha - secrete glucagon
beta - secrete insulin
delta - secrete somatostatin (GHIH)

43
Q

Name the arteries from which the adrenal glands derives its arterial branches

A

inferior phrenic
renal
aorta

44
Q

Superior vertebral level of thyroid gland

A

C5

45
Q

Pancreas is retroperitoneal except which part

A

tail

46
Q

How do hormones from the hypothalamus reach the AP

A

Hypothalamic hypophyseal portal system

47
Q

Name an artery that runs posterior to the pancreas

A

splenic a

Year 2 - Endocrine (21 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions