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Unit 5: Path - The Endocrine System > Pituitary Gland > Flashcards

Pituitary Gland Flashcards

1
Q

How must a chemical messenger act to be classified as a hormone?

A

Must bind to a receptor either on the surface of the cell or w/i it

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2
Q

What is another name for the pituitary gland?

A

The hypophysis

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3
Q

What are the divisions of the pituitary?

A

The adenohypophysis (anterior) and neurohypophysis (posterior)

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4
Q

From where do Vasopressin and Oxytocin originate?

A

Axons and unmyelinated nerve fibers from the Hypothalamus

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5
Q

What five general compounds are secreted from the anterior pituitary

A

Corticotrophs (Proopiomelanocortin, Adrenocorticotropic hormone, melanocyte stimulating hormone, lipotropic hormone, endorphins), Lactotrophs (prolactin), Somatotrophs (GH), Thyrotrophs (TSH), Gonadotrophs (FSH, LH)

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6
Q

What are the cells that the posterior pituitary is composed of?

A

Pituicytes

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7
Q

What is hypopituitarism?

A

Secretion of one or more pituitary hormones is lacking

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8
Q

What is Sheehan’s Syndrome?

A

Panhypopituitarism caused by ischemic necrosis of the gland that may occur postpartum.

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9
Q

What is isolated growth hormone deficiency?

A

Congenital growth hormone deficiency

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10
Q

What is Laron Syndrome? What is it characterized by?

A

Growth Hormone insensitivity characterized by high levels of GH and low concentrations of Insulin-like growth factor

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11
Q

What is Kallmann syndrome?

A

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism due (due to gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency) and anosmia

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12
Q

What is Empty Sella Syndrome? Cause?

A

Enlarged sella containing a thin flattened pituitary caused by a defective/absent diaphragma sella, which permits transmission of cerebrospinal fluid pressure into the sella.

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13
Q

What type of tumor will cause acromegaly?

A

GH/prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas

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14
Q

What is the most important oncogene involved in sporadic pituitary tumorigenesis?

A

gsp

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15
Q

What is a pituitary adenoma < 10 mm diameter? Large adenomas?

A

Microadenomas, macroadenomas

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16
Q

What is a classic Syx of pituitary adenoma?

A

Bitemporal hemianopsia

17
Q

What is the most common endocrinopathy associated with pituitary adenomas?

A

Hyperprolactinemia

18
Q

What uscopic findings are characteristic of a lactrotroph adenoma?

A

Deposition of endocrine amyloid and presence of psammoma bodies

19
Q

What do somatotrope adenomas secrete?

A

Growth Hormone

20
Q

What does excess GH cause before bone epiphyses fuse? After?

A

Gigantism; Acromegaly

21
Q

What is the difference betwixt Mixed Somatotroph-Lactotroph adenomas and Mammosomatotroph adenomas?

A

MSLAs are tumors w/ two cells types that respectively secrete GH and PRL which MAs are tumors composed of a single cell type that secretes both GH and PRL

22
Q

A pituitary adenoma shows giant mitochondria, keratin 8-positive fibrous bodies and misplaced exocytosis. Dx?

A

Acidophil stem cell adenoma

23
Q

What do corticotrope tumors secrete?

A

ACTH

24
Q

What condition does ACTH excess induce?

A

Cushing disease

25
Q

What is Crooke Hyalinization?

A

Filaments observed w/i the pituitary indicating massive cell hyaline deposition related to suppression of ACTH secretion by high circulating levels of cortisol

26
Q

What do Gonadotrope tumors secrete?

A

LH and FSH

27
Q

What is the rarest of all pituitary tumors?

A

Thyrotrope adenomas

28
Q

What is the only significant condition associated with disease of the posterior pituitary?

A

Central diabetes insipidus

29
Q

What is the biological basis of central diabetes insipidus?

A

Deficiency of ADH

30
Q

One fourth of central diabetes insipidus cases are associated with brain tumors, especially this one. Dx?

A

Craniopharyngioma

Unit 5: Path - The Endocrine System (6 decks)

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