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Unit 5: Path - The Endocrine System > Parathyroid Glands > Flashcards

Parathyroid Glands Flashcards

1
Q

What do chief cells secrete?

A

Parathyroid Hormone

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2
Q

What is the major fn of PTH?

A

Control plasma calcium

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3
Q

What does hypopararthyroidism result from?

A

Decreased secretion of PTH or end-organ insensitvity to PTH

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4
Q

What is hypoparathyroidism most commonly caused by?

A

Removal of parathyroids at time of thyroidectomy

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5
Q

What do the Syx of hypoparathyroidism relate to?

A

Hypocalcemia

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6
Q

What is pseudohypoparaathyroidism caused by?

A

Organ insensitivity to parathyroid hormone

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7
Q

What mutation occurs causing pseudohypoparathyroidism?

A

GNAS1 - decreased activity of Gs G protein

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8
Q

What is Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy?

A

Patients who have resistance to cAMP coupled hormones (TSH, glucagon, FSH and LH) resulting in short stature, obesity, mental retardation, sub-cutaneous calcification and congenital anomalies of bone

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9
Q

What is pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism?

A

Phenotypic appearance of pseudohypoparathyroiidism type 1a but is biochemically normal

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10
Q

Syx of patient with primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypercalcemia, hypophosphatemia, nephrolithiasis, and bone disease

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11
Q

What accounts for most causes of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Parathyroid adenoma

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12
Q

What histologically distinguishes parathyroid adenoma from hyperplasia?

A

A rim of parathyroid tissue is usually seen outside the capsule in adenomas

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13
Q

Normal adipose tissue in the parathyroid gland has been replaced by sheets and trabeculae of hyperplastic chief cells. What is the Dx?

A

Primary parathyroid hyperplasia

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14
Q

Xray shows shortness of the fourth and fifth metacarpal bones. Likely Dx?

A

Pseudohypoparathyroidism

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15
Q

What are typical Syx in a patient with Parathyroid carcinoma?

A

Syx of hyperparathyroidism: Hypercalcemia!

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16
Q

What gene is associated with hyperparathyroid-jaw tumor syndrome?

A

HRPT2

17
Q

What is characteristic of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia

18
Q

What is the characteristic bone lesion of hyperparathyroidism?

A

Osteitis fibros cystica

19
Q

What kidney conditions are seen in some patiets who are hyperparathyroid?

A

Kidney stones

20
Q

What nervous system changes are common in primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Depression, emotional lability, poor mentation and memory defects

21
Q

What conditions in the GI tract are associated with primary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Gastric ulcers, constipation

22
Q

What are some conditions that can lead to secondary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Chronic renal failure, vit D deficiency, intenstial malabsorption, Fanconi syndrome, renal tubular acidosis

23
Q

What is tertiary hyperparathyroidism?

A

Development of autonomous parathyroid hyperplasia after long-standing hyperplasia secondary to renal failure

Unit 5: Path - The Endocrine System (6 decks)

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