Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Endocrine Diseases > Pituitary Disease > Flashcards

Pituitary Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What comes under the category of endocrine disease

A

Dysfunction of hormone secreting glands
Negative feedback regulation:
Gland failure - primary
Control failure - secondary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does MEN mean

A

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia
Where tumours develop due to specific genetic problems so a collection of glands are affected that are from the same embryological tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What tumours are most commonly seen in MEN1

A

Parathyroid, pancreatic islets and anterior pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What tumours are associated with MEN1

A

Adrenal cortex, carcinoid and lipomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What tumours are commonly seen in MEN2a

A

Parathyroid
Medullary thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What tumours are commonly seen in MEN2b

A

Medullary thyroid
Phaeochromocytoma
Mucosal Neuromas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the pituitary gland found and what are its components

A

Found in a small depression in the middle of the skull base - sella turcica
2 components - anterior and posterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are releasing hormones and give examples

A

Hormones released from the hypothalamus which pass through the vascular plexus to the anterior pituitary
TRH, GnRH, CRH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which hormones are released form the anterior pituitary (6)

A 
TSH - Thyroid stimulating hormone
ACTH - Adrenocorticotrophic hormone
GH - Growth hormone
LH
FSH
Prolactin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Which hormones are released from the posterior pituitary

A

ADH - Anti-diuretic hormone

Oxytocin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the most common type of pituitary tumours and how is it categorised

A

Usually dysfunction from adenomas

Categorised into functional adenomas and non-functional (space occupying) adenomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are functional adenomas

A

Ones that produce an active hormone, unrestricted by the normal body feedback mechanisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are non-functional adenomas

A

When the tumour is formed of tissue which has no secreting ability and therefore the pressure of the tumour on the other gland tissue within the pituitary will cause lack of other hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Give examples of functional adenomas

A

<40 years old - prolactin/ACTH - Amenorrhoea-Galctorrhoea syndrome or Cushing’s disease
>40 years old - Growth hormone - Acromegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Give examples of non-functional adenomas

A

Usually in those >60 years old

Causes mass effects such as visual field defects and other hormone deficiencies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe how adenomas can cause visual field defects

A

When the tumour grows up and out of the sella turcica it compresses the central area of the optic chiasma
This is the area where the visual fields from the different eyes are matched

17
Q

By what surgery can a pituitary tumour be removed

A

Trans-sphenoidal surgery

18
Q

Describe trans-sphenoidal surgery

A

Surgeon accesses the pituitary tumour through the sphenoid bone by trans-nasal surgery
Will often not remove the entire tumour, but enough that growth is halted

19
Q

What happens when there is insufficient growth hormone

A

Growth failure in children

Metabolic changes in adults - increased fat and reduced vitality

20
Q

What happens when there is excess growth hormone

A

Gigantism in children

Acromegaly in adults

21
Q

How is growth hormone measured

A

IGF-1 - Insulin-like Growth Factor 1

If there is high IGF-1 persisting after puberty this strongly suggests there is developing acromegaly

22
Q

What are dental signs of acromegaly

A

Change in the occlusion after growth has stopped
Spacing of the teeth
Enlarged tongue
Reversed overjet

23
Q

When is the peak incidence of acromegaly

A

Between 30 and 50

24
Q

What is the most common cause of acromegaly

A

MEN-1 pituitary tumour

25
Q

What are the general changes seen in acromegaly (6)

A

Coarse features
Enlarged supra-orbital ridges
Broad nose, thickened lips and soft tissues
Enlarged hands - carpal tunnel syndrome
Type 2 diabetes - insulin resistance from increased GH
Cardiovascular disease - ischaemic heart disease or acromegalic cardiomyopathy

Endocrine Diseases (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions