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AVIA 204 - FM2B > Piston Engines > Flashcards

Piston Engines Flashcards

1
Q

Radial Engines

A
  • Circular
  • Cylinders arranged around the crank case
  • Odd number of cylinders (Usually 9 max)
  • Odd so that no cylinder fires twice in a row
  • Good cooling, relatively good power
  • Easy to maintain
  • Poor forward visibility and excessive drag
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2
Q

In-Line Engines

A
  • Cylinders side by side in a row
  • Usually a maximum of 6 due to vibration
  • Engine may be inverted for better visibility
  • Greatest weight to horsepower ratio
  • Less drag and better visibility
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2
Q

Horizontally Opposed Engines

A
  • Most common in small aircraft
  • 2 rows of cylinders arranged horizontally
  • Even number of cylinders
  • Small frontal area
  • Less drag
  • Automatic system if air intake gets blocked, uses unfiltered air already inside the cowling
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3
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Intake Valve

A

Provides fuel-air mixture to cylinder

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4
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Exhaust Valve

A
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5
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Spark Plugs

A
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6
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Cylinder

A
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7
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Piston

A
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8
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Combustion Chamber

A
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9
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Crankshaft

A
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10
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Connecting Rod

A
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11
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Piston Pin

A
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12
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Piston Rings

A
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13
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Cylinder Flange

A
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14
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Camshaft

A

Opens and closes intake and exhaust valves

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15
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Valve Lifter

A
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16
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Push Rod

A
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17
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Rocker Arm

A
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18
Q

Parts of the Reciprocating Engine - Crankcase

A

Where crankshaft is located

19
Q

Four Stroke Cycle

A
  • Intake
  • Compression
  • Ignition
  • Exhaust
20
Q

Compression Ratio

A

Volume of the cylinder above the piston at the bottom of the compression stroke compared to the top of the compression stroke

21
Q

Power Calculation (BHP)

A

BHP = PLAN / 33000
- P = Mean pressure in PSI
- L = Length of stroke in feet
- A = Area of piston in square inches
- N = Number of impulses per minute

22
Q

Engine Timing

A
  • Timing of opening or closing of the intake and exhaust valves and the ignition of the fuel/air mixture
  • Can lead to better performance is valves open early or close late so there is no waste
  • Valve lead, valve lag, valve overlap
23
Q

Two Stroke Cycle

A
  • One rotation of the crankshaft
  • Intake and compression stroke, then ignition and exhaust stroke
24
Q

Engine Cooling

A
  • Air Cooling (Fins and Cowl Flaps)
  • Liquid Cooled (Coolant)
25
Q

4 Functions of Oil

A
  • Cooling
  • Sealing
  • Lubrication
  • Flushing
26
Q

Requirements of Oil

A
  • Proper Viscosity (Resistance to flow)
  • High flash point (Ignition point)
  • Low carbon content (deposits)
  • Low Pour Point (Freezing point
27
Q

Types of Oil - Mineral Oil

A
  • No additives
  • Used to break-in engine
  • Granular
28
Q

Types of Oil - Ashless Dispersant

A
  • Contains Dispersants
  • Suspends Contaminants such as carbon and lead
29
Q

Additives - Detergents

A

Cleans inside of engine

30
Q

Additives - Oxidation Inhibitors

A

Improves oil stability

31
Q

Additives - Anticorrosion Additives

A

Deter Corrosion

32
Q

Additives - Pour Point Depressants

A

Lowers pour point temperature

33
Q

Methods of Lubrication - Splash Oil

A
  • Oil contained in sump or reservoir
  • Revolving crankshaft splashed down into oil
  • Droplets spray over various engine parts
  • Cheap, simple, effective, lightweight
  • No aerobatics
34
Q

Methods of Lubrication - Force Feed (Dry Sump)

A
  • Oil forced under pressure from a pump through the hollow crankshaft
  • Oil exits crankshaft through tiny holes directed at critical parts
  • Oil contained in a seperate tank
  • Oil drained from pump through a scavenging pump
  • Oil goes through a cooler and then back into tank
35
Q

Methods of Lubrication - Forced Feed (Wet Sump)

A
  • Oil forced under pressure from a pump through the hollow crankshaft
  • Oil exits crankshaft through tiny holes directed at critical parts
  • Oil contained in a pan (sump) under crankcase
  • Pumped to crankshaft, pushrods, bearings, etc.
  • Some parts splashed lubricated as well
  • Oil then drains back into sump
  • Oil cooler may be installed in return line
36
Q

Venting

A
  • Allows changes in pressure within the tank
  • Temperature changes cause density changes
  • Can be in the cap of oil tank
37
Q

Filters

A
  • Have bypass valves in case of clogging
  • Dirty oil is better then no oil
38
Q

Pumps

A

Also have bypass valves to allow oil to return to tank if excessive pressure

39
Q

Oil Cooler

A

Same as a radiator, heat dissipated into the air

40
Q

Octane

A
  • Ignition Inhibitor
  • Used to prevent detonation of fuel and promote smooth controlled burning of the mixture
  • Type determined by compression ratio of engine
41
Q

Heptane

A

Ignition Promoter

42
Q

Fuel Grades

A
  • IE 80/87
  • 80% Octane at Lean mixture
  • 87% Octane at Rich mixture
  • Above 100 expressed as performance number
  • Always use higher fuel grade
43
Q

Anti-Icing Additives

A

Prevents formation of ice crystals which may clog filters

44
Q

Lead Scavenging Additives

A

Helps reduce plug fouling due to lead and carbon deposits

45
Q

Turbocharger

A
  • Fools the engine into thinking it is working at sea level
  • Uses the energy of the hot exhaust gases to power a compressor
  • Boosts intake air pressure
46
Q

Supercharger

A
  • Fools the engine into thinking it is working at sea level
  • Uses rotational energy of the crankshaft to power a compressor
  • Boosts fuel/air mixture pressure

AVIA 204 - FM2B (10 decks)

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