Piston Engine Design And Components

Question 1

Classification of engines,

Answer 1

Number of cylinders.
Cylinder arrangement.
Method of cooling.
Type of fuel.
Induction system.
Propeller drive arrangement.

Question 2

Multi-cylinder engines.

Answer 2

Enables to increase the mass of charge combusted.
Aero engines have at least 4 engines.

Question 3

Radial engines.

Answer 3

Have 2 or more cylinders arranged around a central crankcase (hub).
Provides smoother operation.
Very light due to them being air cooled.
Odd number of cylinders.

Question 4

radial engines - double bank.

Answer 4

2 radial engines attached.

Question 5

In line engines.

Answer 5

All the cylinders lined up in a row. Mostly have 3,4,5,6 cylinders.

Question 6

The ‘V’ engine.

Answer 6

Cylinders are arranged in 2 rows, forming a V shape when viewed from front.
One of the most efficient for creating rotational power.

Question 7

Horizontally opposed engine.

Answer 7

Flat engine.
Cylinders that push outward from the crankcase. Reciprocating engine.

Question 8

Cylinder barrel.

Answer 8

Metal casting containing cylinder.

Question 9

Cylinder head.

Answer 9

Forms the upper ceiling of the combustion chamber.

Question 10

Piston crown.

Answer 10

Top end from a complete piston and is exposed in a high level to hit gases within combustion chamber.

Question 11

Gudgeon pin.

Answer 11

Connects the piston to the connecting rod and provides a bearing for the connecting rod to pivot upon as the piston moves.

Question 12

Crankpin.

Answer 12

Transfer up and down motion between crankshaft and connecting rod.

Question 13

Compresion rings.

Answer 13

Seals the combustion chamber.

Question 14

Oil control rings.

Answer 14

Controls supply of oil to cylinder wall in order to lubricate piston skirt.

Question 15

Piston skirt.

Answer 15

Fitted at the bottom of the piston, serves to close the ports in a 2 stroke engine.

Question 16

Bearing.

Answer 16

Used to reduce friction with minimum power loss.

Question 17

Locking bolt.

Answer 17

Used in joints to withstand continuous vibration.
Image in files, 16

Question 18

What is a crank assembly made up of?

Answer 18

Balance weight, crankweb, journal, throw.
Image in files, 17

Question 19

Balance Weight.

Answer 19

Balances out forces during operation.
Reduces vibrations giving smoother performance and longer life.

Question 20

Crankweb.

Answer 20

Connects crankshaft to connecting rods.

Question 21

Journal.

Answer 21

Provides a rotating pivot point to attach the connecting rod to crankshaft.

Question 22

Throw.

Answer 22

Attached to bottom of the pistons by the connecting rods, offset from the axis of crankshaft, thus creating rotational energy.

2x stroke = throw

Question 23

Camlobe.

Answer 23

Key part in opening/closing valves.
Camshaft rotates, camlobes push against liftes or followers, causing valves to open/close.

Question 24

What does a valve gear/Valve clearance include?

Answer 24

Camshaft
Pushrod

Question 25

Push rod.

Answer 25

transfer the motion from the camshaft to open and close the valves at the right time.

Question 26

Tappet.

Answer 26

Converts rotational motion into linear motion in activating a valve.

Question 27

Clearence.

Answer 27

Small gaps between the tops of the valve stems.

Question 28

Valve stem.

Answer 28

Transmits motion from the camshaft to the valves.

Question 29

Valve seat.

Answer 29

Where the valve resets and forms a seal when closed.

Question 30

Rocker arm.

Answer 30

Engines “middleman” between camshaft and valves uses motion from camshaft and uses that energy to open/close the valves,

Image in files, 18

Question 31

What is an accessory gearbox?

Answer 31

Responsible for driving various engine components such as oil pump, generator or other accessories.

Question 32

What does the crank assembly compose of?

Answer 32

Crankshaft, connecting rods piston.
Propeller atatched to camshaft.