Pipe3 Flashcards
The ratio of the area of the wetted perimeter is known as ___
A. flow factor
B. hydraulic radius
C. Kutter’s C
D. value of K in Darcy-Weisbach formula
hydraulic radius
The extended Bernoulli equation includes all of the following terms except:
A. potential energy
B. kinetic energy
C. nuclear energy
D. friction losses
nuclear energy
The presence of a minor loss in the energy grade line will cause the line to slope:
A. down in the direction of the flow
B. upward in the direction of the flow
C. vertically downward
D. there is no effect of friction on the energy grade line
down in the direction of the flow
Hydrometer is used to find out
A. specific gravity of liquids
B. specific gravity of solids
C. specific gravity of gases
D. relative humidity
specific gravity of liquids
The presence of friction in the hydraulic grade will always cause the line to slope:
A. down in the direction of the flow
B. upward in the direction of the flow
C. level (no slope)
D. there is no effect of friction on the energy grade line
down in the direction of the flow
Bernoulli’s equation is a/an ____
A. momentum equation
B. conservation of energy equation
C. conservation of mass equation
D. equation of state
conservation of energy equation
Mass of density of liquid (rho) is given by which of the following?
A. rho = mass/volume
B. rho = metric slug/m^2
C. rho = kg-sec^2/m^4
D. all of the above
all of the above
McLeod gauge used for low pressure measurement operates on the principle of ___
A. Gas law
B. Boyle’s law
C. Charles law
D. Pascal’s law
Boyle’s law
The relationship between pressure and altitude in the atmosphere is given by the:
A. perfect gas law
B. conservation of mass
C. barometric height relationship
D. first law of thermodynamics
barometric height relationship
Which of the following turbine is different from the others?
A. Fourneyron turbine
B. Francis turbine
C. Kaplan turbine
D. Pelton wheel
Pelton wheel
The continuity equation of an ideal fluid flow:
A. states that the net rate of in - flow into any small volume must be zero
B. applies to irrotational flow only
C. states that the energy remains constant along streamline
D. states that energy is constant everywhere in the fluid
states that energy is constant everywhere in the fluid
The hydraulic grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following?
A. Total energy
B. Pressure energy
C. Potential energy
D. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
The line of action of the buoyant forces always act through the centroid of the ___
A. submerged body
B. volume of the floating body
C. volume of the fluid vertically above the body
D. displaced volume of the fluid
displaced volume of the fluid
A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid velocity as described by the Bernoulli equation and the relationship between:
A. kinetic energy and static pressure
B. fluid pressure and static pressure
C. fluid pressure and impact energy
D. pressure and momentum
kinetic energy and static pressure
Permissible velocity of water flowing through concrete tunnel, is generally
A. 4 - 5 m/s
B. 10 - 12 m/s
C. 13 - 16 m/s
D. 20 m/s
4 - 5 m/s
The equation of continuity of flow is applicable if:
A. the flow is one dimensional
B. the flow is steady
C. the velocity is uniform over the cross-section
D. all of the above conditions are together
all of the above conditions are together
The speed of sound in all fluid is most closely related to all of the following properties except ___
A. compressibility
B. density
C. bulk modulus
D. thermal conductivity
thermal conductivity
The term subsonic flow refers to a flowing gas with a speed:
A. less than the local speed of sound
B. equal to the speed of sound
C. greater than the speed of sound
D. much greater than the speed of sound
less than the local speed of sound
Viscosity for a fluid is defined as the constant of proportionality between shear stress and what other variable?
A. the spatial derivative of velocity
B. the time derivative of pressure
C. the time derivative of density
D. the spatial derivative of density
the spatial derivative of velocity
Density in terms of viscosity is:
A. kinematic viscosity / dynamic viscosity
B. dynamic viscosity / kinematic viscosity
C. kinematic viscosity x dynamic viscosity
D. none of the above
dynamic viscosity / kinematic viscosity
The pitot tube is a device used for measurement of
A. pressure
B. flow
C. velocity
D. discharge
velocity
What is the use of Hydraulic jump?
A. increase the flow rate
B. reduce the flow rate
C. reduce the velocity of flow
D. reduce the energy of flow
reduce the energy of flow
Which of the following is not a characteristic of real fluids?
A. Finite viscosity
B. Non-uniform velocity distribution
C. Compressibility
D. Experience of eddy currents and turbulence
Experience of eddy currents and turbulence
Running away speed of a Pelton wheel gives:
A. actual operating speed
B. no load speed
C. full load speed
D. no load speed when governor mechanism fails
no load speed when governor mechanism fails
Neglecting the forces due to inertia, gravity and frictional resistance, the design of a channel can be made by comparing
A. Weber number
B. Reynolds numer
C. Froude’s number
D. Prant’l number
Froude’s number
An ideal fluid is one that:
A. is very viscous
B. obeys Newton’s law of viscosity
C. is assumed in problems in conduit flow
D. is frictionless and incompressible
is frictionless and incompressible
The most common method for calculating frictional energy loss for laminar flowing fluids in noncircular pipe is:
A. the Darcy equation
B. the Hagan - Poisevill equation
C. the Hazen - Williams equation
D. the Swamee - Jin equation
the Darcy equation
The time required for half a quantity of radioactive particles to decay (disintegrate) is called its _____
A. average life
B. median life
C. time constant
D. half time
half time
Where is vena contracta most likely located?
A. at the orifice
B. at a distance approximately 1/2 the diameter of the orifice
C. at a distance approximately equal to the diameter of the orifice
D. at a distance approximately twice the diameter of the orifice
at a distance approximately 1/2 the diameter of the orifice
Which of the following parameters determine the friction factor of turbulent flow in a rough pipe?
A. Froude number and relative roughness
B. Froude number and Mach number
C. Reynolds number and relative roughness
D. Mach number and relative roughness
Reynolds number and relative roughness
The continuity equation is applicable to:
A. viscous unviscous fluids
B. compressibility of fluids
C. conservation of mass
D. steady unsteady flow
conservation of mass
The pressure at a point in a fluid will not be same in all the directions if the fluid is:
A. viscous
B. viscous and static
C. inviscous and in motion
D. viscous and is in motion
viscous and is in motion
Weir refers to an opening
A. having closed perimeter and of regular form through which water flows
B. having prolonged sides with length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall
C. having partially full flow
D. in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
having partially full flow
What do you call the lowest portion to storage basin from where the water is not drawn?
A. bottom storage
B. sub soil storage
C. spring reserve
D. dead storage
dead storage
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fluid pressure?
A. it is a shear stress
B. it is the same in all directions at a point in the fluid
C. it acts normal to a surface
D. it is linear with depth
it is a shear stress
Under which condition, the specific weight of water is 1000 kg/m^3?
A. at normal pressure of 760 mm
B. at 4C temperature
C. at mean sea level
D. all of the above
all of the above
Uniform flow takes place when:
A. condition remain unchanged with time at any point
B. rate of change of velocity of fluid is zero
C. at every point the velocity vector is identical in magnitude and direction fro any given instant
D. the change in transverse direction is zero
at every point the velocity vector is identical in magnitude and direction fro any given instant
Property of a fluid whereby its own molecules are attracted is known as ____
A. adhesion
B. cohesion
C. surface tension
D. viscosity
cohesion
All of the following can be characteristics of fluids except ___
A. kinematic viscosity
B. surface tension
C. bulk modulus
D. hysteresis
hysteresis
The flow on two sides of a normal shock wave is called ____
A. sonic
B. sub-sonic
C. supersonic
D. supersonic on one side and sub-sonic on the other side
supersonic on one side and sub-sonic on the other side
Friction factor for both laminar and turbulent flows can be found plotted in a
A. steam table
B. psychrometric chart
C. Moody diagram
D. Mollier diagram
Moody diagram
For high speed flows, the potential energy of the fluids are:
A. positive
B. negative
C. negligible
D. none of these
negligible
All of the following dimensionless parameters are applicable to the fluid flow problems except the ___
A. Reynolds number
B. Froude number
C. Mach number
D. Biot number
Biot number
The velocity of a fluid particle at the center of the pipe section is ___
A. maximum
B. minimum
C. average
D. logarithmic average
maximum
An equipotential line is one that:
A. has no velocity component tangent to it
B. has uniformly varying dynamic pressure
C. has no velocity component normal to it
D. exists in case of rotational flow
has no velocity component tangent to it
A Kaplan turbine is
A. a high head mixed flow turbine
B. an impulse turbine, inward flow
C. a reaction turbine, outward flow
D. low head axial flow turbine
low head axial flow turbine
Center of pressure on an inclined plane lies ___
A. at the centroid
B. above the centroid
C. below the centroid
D. at metacenter
below the centroid
For stable equilibrium of floating body its metacenter should lie:
A. below the center of gravity
B. below the center of buoyancy
C. above the center of buoyancy
D. above the center of gravity
above the center of gravity
A pitot tube can be used to measure fluid velocity as described by the Bernoulli equation and the relationship between:
A. kinetic energy and static pressure
B. fluid pressure and static pressure
C. fluid pressure and impact energy
D. pressure and momentum
kinetic energy and static pressure
Which of the following is the basic of Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow?
A. Continuity equation
B. Principle of conservation of energy
C. Fourier’s law
D. Principle of conservation of mass
Principle of conservation of energy
The energy grade line of a pipeline denotes which of the following
A. Total energy
B. Pressure energy
C. Potential energy
D. The sum of pressure energy and potential energy
Total energy
What do you call the pressure which the fluid exerts on an immersed object or contained walls?
A. normal pressure
B. standard liquid pressure
C. hydrostatic pressure
D. gage pressure
hydrostatic pressure
The laminar friction factor of fluid flowing through a pipe is a function of all of the following except:
A. fluid velocity
B. pipe diameter
C. pipe roughness
D. Reynolds number
pipe roughness
Which of the following can be used to measure the flow of water in a pipe of diameter 3000 mm?
A. Venturimeter
B. Rotameter
C. Nozzle
D. Pitot tube
Pitot tube
The presence of friction in the hydraulic grade will always cause the line to slope:
A. down in the direction of the flow
B. upward in the direction of the flow
C. level (no slope)
D. there is no effect of friction on the energy grade line
down in the direction of the flow
A substance that is able to flow and yields to any force tending to change its shape without changing its volume such as water and air.
A. Fluid
B. Flux
C. Gas oil
D. Water gas
Fluid
The hydraulic radius of noncircular pipe:
A. the square root of the flow area
B. the ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter
C. the ratio of the volume to the wetted perimeter
D. none of the above
the ratio of the area to the wetted perimeter
The fact the buoyant force on a floating object equal to the weight of the water displaced is:
A. Bernoulli’s law
B. Archimedes’ principle
C. The law of diminishing returns
D. The conservation of mass
Archimedes’ principle
The upper critical Reynolds number for pipe flow is:
A. of no practical importance to designers
B. always used to design popes for strength
C. the number at which turbulent flow changes over to laminar flow
D. the number at which laminar flow changes into turbulent flow
of no practical importance to designers
The study of the practical laws of fluid flow and the resistance of open pipes and channels.
A. fluid mechanics
B. hydraulics
C. aerodynamics
D. thermodynamics
hydraulics
Alcohol finds use in manometers as:
A. it provides a suitable meniscus for the inclined tube
B. its density being less can provide longer length for a pressure difference, thus more accuracy can be obtained
C. A and B are correct
D. cheap and easily available
A and B are correct
The Hazen - Williams formula for head loss due to friction is based upon:
A. rigorous mathematical equation
B. empirical data
C. semi-empirical data
D. serendipity
empirical data
The normal stress is the same in all directions at a point in fluid:
A. independent of the motion one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
B. when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
C. only if the fluid is frictionless
D. only if fluid is frictionless and incompressible
when there is no motion of one fluid layer relative to an adjacent layer
Which of the following is not the mass density of water?
A. 62.5 lbm/ft^3
B. 100 kg/m^3
C. 1 g/cm^3
D. 1 kg/L
100 kg/m^3
The fluid forces taken intro consideration in the Navier Stokes equation are:
A. gravity, pressure and viscous
B. gravity, pressure and turbulent
C. pressure, viscous and turbulent
D. gravity, viscous and turbulent
gravity, pressure and viscous
Which of the following is not a dimensionless parameter?
A. Kinetic viscosity
B. Weber number
C. Darcy-Weisbach friction factor
D. Froude number
Kinetic viscosity
If the energy of the incident photon is less than the work function:
A. an electron will be ejected
B. more than one electron will ejected
C. an electron will not be ejected
D. less than one electron will be ejected
an electron will not be ejected
The volumetric change of the fluid caused by a resistance is called ___
A. volumetric strain
B. volumetric index
C. compressibility
D. adhesion
adhesion
The statement that “the hydrostatic pressure a fluid exerts on an immersed object or on container walls is a function only of fluid depth” is
A. the perfect gas law
B. D’ Alembert’s paradox
C. the hydrostatic paradox
D. Boyle’s law
the hydrostatic paradox
Power transmitted through a pipe is maximum when the loss of head due to friction is:
A. one-half of the total head supplied
B. one-third of the total head supplied
C. one-fourth of the total head supplied
D. equal to the total head supplied
one-third of the total head supplied
SI unit of viscosity is:
A. 10 times poise
B. 9.81 times poise
C. 1/9.81 times poise
D. 1/10 times poise
10 times poise
Liquids and gases take the following characteristic(s) of their contents.
A. volume
B. shape
C. shape and volume
D. neither shape nor volume
shape
The rise or fall of head “h” in a capillary tube of diameter “d” and liquid surface tension “s” and specific weight “w” is given by:
A. 4s/wd
B. 4ds/w
C. 4wd/s
D. 4ws/d
4s/wd
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of fluid pressure?
A. it is the same in all directions at a point in the fluid
B. it acts normal to a surface
C. it is a shear stress
D. it is linear with depth
it is a shear stress
For computation convenience, fluids are usually classed as:
A. rotational or irrotational
B. real or ideal
C. laminar or turbulent
D. Newtonian or non-Newtonian
real or ideal
In order to avoid vaporization in the pipe line, the pipe line over the ridge is laid in such a way that it is not more than:
A. 2.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
B. 6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
C. 10.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
D. 5.0 m above the hydraulic gradient
6.4 m above the hydraulic gradient
Which of the following is relative velocity?
A. difference between two velocities
B. average velocity
C. sum of two velocities
D. vector difference of two velocities
vector difference of two velocities
What is the classification of the fluid flow if the fluid travels parallel to the adjacent layers and the paths of the individual particles do not cross each other?
A. Steady flow
B. Laminar flow
C. Uniform flow
D. Turbulent flow
Laminar flow
The difference between stagnation pressure and total pressure is:
A. due to height difference
B. due to fluid kinetic energy
C. none of the terms are interchangeable
D. important only in supersonic flow
none of the terms are interchangeable
The pressure at a given depth due to several immiscible liquids is:
A. the average of the individual pressures
B. the sum of the individual pressures
C. independent of the individual pressures
D. unknown
the sum of the individual pressures
For supersonic flow, the pressure of the fluid must increase as the fluid flow area of the duct:
A. increases
B. decreases
C. constant
D. none of these
decreases
Which of the following is the highest head?
A. 33 inch Hg
B. 31.0 ft. water
C. 1.013 kg kg/cm^2
D. 75.0 cm of Hg
33 inch Hg
The length of mercury column at a place at an altitude will change with respect to that at ground in:
A. a linear relation
B. a parabolic relation
C. will remain constant
D. first slowly and then steeply
first slowly and then steeply
Which of the following statements about gauge pressure is most correct? Gauge pressure are measured relative to ___
A. atmospheric pressure
B. a vacuum
C. each other
D. the surface
atmospheric pressure
Fully turbulent flow in a pipe is characterized by all of the following except:
A. a parabolic velocity profile
B. a momentum exchange due to fluid masses rather than molecules
C. a maximum velocity at the fluid center line
D. a 1/7 velocity profile
a parabolic velocity profile
What is the coefficient of contraction?
A. the ratio of the area of vena contracta to the area of the orifice
B. the ratio of actual discharge to the theoretical discharge
C. the ratio of the actual velocity to the theoretical velocity
D. the ratio of the effective head to the actual head
the ratio of the area of vena contracta to the area of the orifice
Which is incorrect statement regarding apparent shear forces?
A. it can never be found in frictionless fluid regardless of its motion
B. it can never be found when the fluid is at rest
C. it depends upon cohesive forces
D. it may occur owing to cohesion when the fluid is at rest
it may occur owing to cohesion when the fluid is at rest
The characteristic length of the Reynold’s number used to calculate the friction in noncircular full running pipes is based on the ___
A. run length
B. pipe length
C. hydraulic diameter (the equivalent diameter)
D. wetted circumference
hydraulic diameter (the equivalent diameter)
In a nozzle if back pressure is same as inlet pressure, then ___
A. no flow takes place
B. maximum flow takes place
C. flow becomes subsonic in diverging section
D. flow becomes supersonic in converging as well as supersonic section
no flow takes place
The parameter f in the expression for head-loss is
A. the fraction of flow that is totally turbulent
B. the Darcy friction factor
C. the height of the roughness scale in turbulent flow
D. the static coefficient of friction
the Darcy friction factor
For supersonic flow, the pressure of fluid must decrease as the fluid flow area of the duct
A. increases
B. decreases
C. remain the same
D. none of these
increases
Refers to the compressibility of a fluid, the fractional change in fluid volume per unit change in fluid.
A. Viscosity
B. Bulk modulus
C. Density
D. Pressure
Pressure
The stream function is a useful parameter in describing ____
A. the conversation of mass
B. the conservation of momentum
C. the conservation of energy
D. the equation of state
the conversation of mass
The Darcy equation can be used for all liquids and flows except:
A. water
B. alcohol
C. gasoline
D. air flowing supersonically
air flowing supersonically
The value of coefficient of discharge in comparison to coefficient of velocity is found to be ____
A. more
B. less
C. same
D. more/less depending on flow
less
Which of the following statements about a Newtonian fluid is most accurate?
A. Shear stress is proportional to strain
B. Viscosity is zero
C. Shear stress is multi-valued
D. Shear stress is proportional to rate of strain
Shear stress is proportional to rate of strain
Which of the following terms does not appear in the steady flow energy equation (the extended Bernoulli’s equation)?
A. Kinetic energy
B. Potential energy
C. Friction losses
D. Hysteresis losses
Hysteresis losses
Orifice refers to an opening ___
A. with closed perimeter and of regular form through which water flows
B. with prolonged sides having length of 2 to 3 diameters of opening in thick wall
C. with partially full flow
D. in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
in hydraulic structure with regulation provision
Compressibility of a fluid relates the fractional change in fluid volume per unit change in fluid.
A. temperature
B. density
C. pressure
D. viscosity
pressure
Which of the following turbine is different from others?
A. Pelton wheel
B. Banki turbine
C. Jonval turbine
D. Kaplan turbine
Kaplan turbine
