Pioneers In Education Flashcards
Maria Montessori (19th-20th c.)
Italian physician; child-centered approach; worked with disadvantaged youth; Montessori teachers help direct a child’s natural curiosity, work as facilitators; classroom environment is a vital part of the M. approach.
Jane Addams (19th-20th)
Inspired by Toynbee Hall (a settlement house in England, which provides services to the community to combat poverty and other social ills); founder of the Hull House (Chicago); pragmatist character; believed in inclusion, democracy, and creativity.
Mary McLeod Bethune (19-20th c.)
Advisor on minority affairs to President Franklin D. Roosevelt; struggle for equality.
John Dewey (19-20th c.)
Progressive education: learning by doing; hands-on approach; democratic ideals; child-centered approach; interdisciplinary curriculum: connecting multiple subjects; creative thinking; problem-based learning: learning about a subject through active problem solving.
W.E.B. Dubois (19-20th c.)
Unwilling to accept social situation of African Americans; National Association for the Advancement of Colored People; ‘Education must not simply teach work-it must teach life;’ uncompromising and aggressive approach; first African American to get a Ph.D from Harvard University
Horace Mann (18-19th c.)
Reformer; temperance movement (prohibition of alcohol;) father of the Common school movement: a time in the 1830s when social reformers pushed for a tax-funded, well-developed, state public education system; normal schools formed teachers and established pedagogical norms and standards; Mann’s 6 guiding principles: it’s impossible for someone to be ignorant and free; the public should pay for, maintain, and control public education; education should be inclusive; edu should be non sectarian; edu should be democratic; teachers must be well-trained professionals.
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi (18-19th c.)
Swiss educator influenced by J.J Rousseau; believed in a whole-child approach that focused on the head, heart, and hands.
Booker T. Washington
Worked his way up from slavery to high education; founder of Tuskegee Institute; believed that it was possible for Whites and for African Americans to gain equal status and provide equal societal contributions while remaining essentially separate.
Noah Webster (18-19th c.)
The ‘Blue-backed speller:’ a book that taught children to read, write, and spell, in a uniquely American way.
Margaret Haley (19th-20th centuries)
Chicago Teachers Federation; attended a normal school; ‘Why Teachers Should Organize,’ is her most famous speech (1904, before the National Education Association.)
