Education In Colonial America Flashcards

1
Q

The law of 1642

A

Massachusetts was the first state to enact a law that required parents to provide the children under their care with a basic education (literacy and numeracy)

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2
Q

The law of 1647 (the Deluder Satan Act)

A

Required that towns of a certain size hire a schoolmaster to teach local children; first law requiring public schooling

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3
Q

Normal schools

A

Education training for future teachers; developed in the 19th century; focused on norms;

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4
Q

Subscription schools

A

Paid by the students’ parents that can afford it; free for the poor

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5
Q

14th amendment

A

States must apply the law equally to all people.

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6
Q

1954 Brown Vs the Board of Education

A

Segregation in school declared illegal by the Supreme Court under the 14th amendment

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7
Q

1982 Plyer VS Doe

A

Children of undocumented immigrants have the right to attend public school for free

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8
Q

PARC VS Pennsylvania and Mills VS Board of Education

A

Fought for children with disabilities to be given equal rights and integrated into mainstream classrooms.

Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or IDEA: putting students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment

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9
Q

Freedmen’s Bureau

A

Helped freed slaves and refugees transition to freedom; established public schools and post-secondary education (Howard University) for African Americans.

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10
Q

Education in Colonial America

A

Social class, race, and gender determined education in colonial America in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Low class: apprenticeship (3-7years)
Middle class: dame school
Upper class: tutoring and post-secondary education abroad

New England: education led by Puritans
Middle colonies: diverse systems depending on the local social group (e.g.: Quakers)
Southern colonies: private tutoring for children of plantations’ owners

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11
Q

Progressive Era

A

1880s-1920s: a time of great social activism and political reform; expansion of high schools, urban education, securing rights for all people (poor, minorities, immigrants, women)

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12
Q

Jim Crow’s laws

A

Segregation laws; ‘separate but equal’

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13
Q

Rosenwald Schools

A

Julius Rosenwald and Booker T. Washington provided good school in the South for colored people; by 1932, almost 5,000 schools

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14
Q

Plessy VS Ferguson

A

Separate wagons on a train

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15
Q

Cumming VS Richmond County Board of Education

A

State could tax both blacks and whites, even though they only provided a school for whites

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16
Q

Berea College VS Kentucky

A

A state could make a college be segregated, even if the college wanted to include whites and minorities in their roster

17
Q

1936, Maryland State Supreme Court

A

Ordered a white law school to allow a black student to enroll, because there was no state-funded law school for blacks

18
Q

Westminster School District VS Mendez

A

Mexican Americans could attend a white school

19
Q

The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas VS a group of 13 parents

A

Class action lawsuit against the Board of Education to desegregate schools, so that students could attend schools nearby their homes

20
Q

Sputnik

A

Oct 4, 1957: Russia launches the first artificial object to orbit Earth

21
Q

The space race

A

1950s-1960s: a competition for dominance in space exploration between Russia and the U.S.

22
Q

STEM education

A

Science Technology Engineering Math; the U.S. approved in 1958 $1 billion dollars for the National Defense Education Act, which offered funds for science and math education and research.

23
Q

K-12 Education

A

Elementary schools: K to 5th grade; ages 5-10
Middle schools/junior high: 5/6th to 8/9th; ages 11-13
High schools: 9th to 12th; ages 14 to 18

Until the 20th century, most American education was K to 8th grade. Students went to the same school for the entire time, and sometimes had the same teacher the entire time.

24
Q

No Child Left Behind Act

A

Title 1 funds schools and more fortunate schools under NCLB

Critics: issues with what the test measures; teaching to the test; issues with English language learners and disabled students; cut funding to arts and electives; inequitable results