Education In Colonial America Flashcards
The law of 1642
Massachusetts was the first state to enact a law that required parents to provide the children under their care with a basic education (literacy and numeracy)
The law of 1647 (the Deluder Satan Act)
Required that towns of a certain size hire a schoolmaster to teach local children; first law requiring public schooling
Normal schools
Education training for future teachers; developed in the 19th century; focused on norms;
Subscription schools
Paid by the students’ parents that can afford it; free for the poor
14th amendment
States must apply the law equally to all people.
1954 Brown Vs the Board of Education
Segregation in school declared illegal by the Supreme Court under the 14th amendment
1982 Plyer VS Doe
Children of undocumented immigrants have the right to attend public school for free
PARC VS Pennsylvania and Mills VS Board of Education
Fought for children with disabilities to be given equal rights and integrated into mainstream classrooms.
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act or IDEA: putting students with disabilities in the least restrictive environment
Freedmen’s Bureau
Helped freed slaves and refugees transition to freedom; established public schools and post-secondary education (Howard University) for African Americans.
Education in Colonial America
Social class, race, and gender determined education in colonial America in the 17th and 18th centuries.
Low class: apprenticeship (3-7years)
Middle class: dame school
Upper class: tutoring and post-secondary education abroad
New England: education led by Puritans
Middle colonies: diverse systems depending on the local social group (e.g.: Quakers)
Southern colonies: private tutoring for children of plantations’ owners
Progressive Era
1880s-1920s: a time of great social activism and political reform; expansion of high schools, urban education, securing rights for all people (poor, minorities, immigrants, women)
Jim Crow’s laws
Segregation laws; ‘separate but equal’
Rosenwald Schools
Julius Rosenwald and Booker T. Washington provided good school in the South for colored people; by 1932, almost 5,000 schools
Plessy VS Ferguson
Separate wagons on a train
Cumming VS Richmond County Board of Education
State could tax both blacks and whites, even though they only provided a school for whites
Berea College VS Kentucky
A state could make a college be segregated, even if the college wanted to include whites and minorities in their roster
1936, Maryland State Supreme Court
Ordered a white law school to allow a black student to enroll, because there was no state-funded law school for blacks
Westminster School District VS Mendez
Mexican Americans could attend a white school
The Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas VS a group of 13 parents
Class action lawsuit against the Board of Education to desegregate schools, so that students could attend schools nearby their homes
Sputnik
Oct 4, 1957: Russia launches the first artificial object to orbit Earth
The space race
1950s-1960s: a competition for dominance in space exploration between Russia and the U.S.
STEM education
Science Technology Engineering Math; the U.S. approved in 1958 $1 billion dollars for the National Defense Education Act, which offered funds for science and math education and research.
K-12 Education
Elementary schools: K to 5th grade; ages 5-10
Middle schools/junior high: 5/6th to 8/9th; ages 11-13
High schools: 9th to 12th; ages 14 to 18
Until the 20th century, most American education was K to 8th grade. Students went to the same school for the entire time, and sometimes had the same teacher the entire time.
No Child Left Behind Act
Title 1 funds schools and more fortunate schools under NCLB
Critics: issues with what the test measures; teaching to the test; issues with English language learners and disabled students; cut funding to arts and electives; inequitable results
