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Avians, Exotics,& Lab Med > Pigeons, Doves, And Passerines > Flashcards

Pigeons, Doves, And Passerines Flashcards

1
Q

Columbiformes dietary category

A

Herbivores

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2
Q

T or F: Columbiformes are diurnal. What does that mean?

A

True; spend a lot of time on land, perching, or in flight

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3
Q

What type of young do columbiformes have

A

Altricial

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4
Q

Pigeons (columbiformes) have an extensive…

A

Plexus venosus subcutaneus collaris

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5
Q

T or F: pigeons have small crops

A

False; they are large

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6
Q

Male and female pigeons have crops that…

A

Produce “crop milk” to feed young squabs

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7
Q

Ideal housing for pigeons

A

Sunny, dry, well ventilated and insulated loft

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8
Q

What should be included in the housing of pigeons to minimize feather damage

A

Perches and boxes, but they should be able to accommodate pecking order

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9
Q

Pecking order

A
  • dominant birds= highest perches
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10
Q

Why should an enclosed area beneath the loft be included?

A

To exclude feral birds

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11
Q

What feed should pigeons get & what should also be offered

A
  • pelleted feed
  • offer grit and mineral salts
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12
Q

How long should newly purchased birds be quarantined?

A

30 days

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13
Q

How should wild pigeons be housed from owned pigeons

A

Individually and separately

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14
Q

Major virus that causes head and neck problems

A

Paramyxovirus type 1

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15
Q

Clinical signs of paramyxovirus type 1

A

PU/PD (can last 6-8 wks), normal uric acid lvls, torticollis, ataxia, trembling wings, paresis, paralysis

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16
Q

What type of clinical signs are not developed during paramyxovirus type 1 infections

A

GI and respiratory

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17
Q

Morbidity and mortality of paramyxovirus type 1 infections

A
  • morbidity usually 100%
  • mortality <5%
  • 70% birds recover
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18
Q

Transmission and incubation pd of paramyxovirus type 1

A
  • orally or aerosol transmission
  • incubation pd 5-35 days
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19
Q

Where does the paramyxovirus type 1 spread

A

Kidneys and/or CNS

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20
Q

Dx of paramyxovirus type 1 (4)

A
  • clinical signs
  • hemagglutination inhibition tests w/ paired sera of multiple pigeons
  • histopath
  • viral isolation
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21
Q

Dx & control of paramyxovirus type 1

A
  • supportive care
  • vx w/ killed adjuvated products w/ pigeon PVM strain or poultry LaSota strain
  • cull affected pigeons
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22
Q

Zoonotic and other types of paramyxovirus type 1 concerns

A
  • potential spread to poultry farms
  • linked to human deaths in immunocompromised individuals
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23
Q

Pox virus that causes skin problems

A

Pigeon pox

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24
Q

Incubation pd of pox virus

A

10 to 20 days

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25
Pox viruses mostly affect ________ pigeons
Young
26
Most pox virus infections occur in
Late summer and fall
27
Pox virus is transmitted via
- shedding of infected epithelial cells (direct) - vectors (indirect)
28
Where does the pox virus spread to from initial skin lesions
Internal organs then distant skin/mucosa
29
2 forms of pox virus
Cutaneous & diptheritic
30
Atypical pox virus
- wart like lesions on body/wings - contain black/bloody material
31
Dx for pox virus
- characteristic lesions - histological exam (intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies)
32
Tx for pox virus
- supportive - prevent 2ndary infection - DO NOT SX REMOVE - Vx w/ live, attenuated, homologous pox virus
33
Chlamydiosis
- endemic - transmitted via adult to squab via feeding - low virulence - signs: respiratory and gi - recovered birds can be carriers
34
Is pigeon chlamydia zoonotic?
YES
35
Trichomonas
- pigeon= primary host - occurs in birds that feed on pigeons (frounce) - very common - severe lesions in nestlings and young birds - protozoan parasites colonize crop and esophagus
36
Trichomonas lesions
- Dependent on virulence and pigeon age - small, yellow, circumscribed lesions (can grow into caseous masses) - smaller lesions don’t bleed when removed - leads to maluntrition and starvation
37
Trichomonas Dx
- crop swab/cytology
38
Tx of trichomonas
- metronidazole (ends in “-azole”) - removal of infected birds - prevent feed contamination
39
Upper GI signs of trichomonas
Candida
40
Turkish towel is
Candida albicans
41
Candida albicans
- transmitted in food and water - yeast-like - not normally pathogenic in GI - clinical signs: listless, stunted, rough feathering
42
Dx for candida albicans
- turkish towel on crop mucose - cytology
43
Tx for candida albicans
- nystatin - copper sulfate in h2o
44
3 GI abnormalities
- salmonella - chlamydia - coccidia
45
Pathognmonic sign of salmonellosis in pigeons
Extensive swelling of the elbow
46
Specific strain of salmonellosis for pigeons
S. Typhimurium - gram -ve, facultative, intracellular
47
Spread of salmonellosis
- GIT -> rest of body - fecal/orally transmitted (vertically)
48
Clinical signs of salmonellosis
- start w/ inappetance, bloody diarrhea, PU, green tinged urates - can cause focal necrosis w/ formation of abscesses and granulomas
49
Dx salmonellosis
- isolation from internal organs - isolation from feces (pool samples over 5 days) - slide agglutination tests
50
Control of salmonellosis
- sanitation - euthanize infected birds - antimicrobial tx (enrofloxacin, trimethoprim sulfa) - vx
51
In pigeons and doves, which 2 drugs cause a toxicosis assc. w/ capillaria obsignata
- fenbendazole - albendazole
52
2 common spp of coccidiosis
E. Labbeana and columbarum
53
Transmission and incidence/pathogenicity of coccidiosis
- high incidence/low pathogenicity - fecal/oral transmission
54
Clinical signs of coccidiosis
- enteritis - wt loss (esp. young birds)
55
Are pigeons continuous carriers of coccidia after they develop immunity
No
56
Dx and tx of coccidiosis
- fecal flotation - heavy infest. Tx w/ sulfa drugs
57
Passerine anatomic info
- small land birds - beak conformation varies by species feeding habits
58
Passerines have high _____ _____ rates
Basal metabolic
59
Passerine nestlings are…
Altricial
60
What type of passerines have a crop and large muscular ventriculus
Seed-eating
61
What nutrients are highly digested by passerines
Fat and starch
62
The ____ ability in passerines is highly developed and related to ________ anatomy
Singing; syringeal
63
What is special about the passerine respiratory system
Its highly efficient
64
Mixed ornamental aviary housing
- outside w/ a sheltered area - different species housed together - species specific diseases restricted to few individuals - usually planted
65
Breeding aviary housing
- inside - same spp housed together - birds kept in couples & produce 2-3 clutches/season then separated in winter - fledglings kept in communal flight pens
66
Handling & restraint
- capture in dark cage/room - don’t restrict movement of sternum!!!!!! - keep handling short!!!!!
67
Name of toxic gas from nonstick cookware
Poluytetrafluoroethylene
68
Mycoplasma conjunctivits in wild finches signs
- mildly swollen eyelids to severe conjunctivitis w/ mucoid discharge - may have visual impairment-> starvation and vulnerability to attacks
69
Wild finch mycoplasma conjunctivitis tx
- tetracycline drops/ointment for eye for 5 days - oral tylosin as drinking water source for 21 days min.
70
Can wild finches be subclinical carriers of mycoplasma conjunctivitis after tx?
Yes
71
Mycoplasma conjunctivitis spread
- contact between infected birds & between infected surfaces - higher incidence in cold months
72
Syngamus trachea
- in outdoor aviaries - srs problem in mynahs, corvids, and starlings
73
Transport hosts of syngamus trachea
Earthworms
74
Clinical signs of syngamus trachea
Gasping for breath, death by tracheal occlusion
75
Dx of syngamus trachea
Tracheal transillumination or fecal exam
76
Tx of syngamus trachea
Low dose of antihelminthic (fenbendazole) or ivermectin over several days

Avians, Exotics,& Lab Med (8 decks)

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