Piertotum LOCOMOTOR @mcgonagal Flashcards
Roles of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes
Fibroblasts- synthesise collagen
Osteoblasts- synthesise bone
Osteoclasts- resorb bone
Osteocyte- maintains bone
Paget’s disease
High osteoclast activity, excessive stimulation so excessive osteoblast compensation. leads to disorganised, irregular and elastic bones.
caused by viruses eg MMR
Names of the rotator cuff muscles and their roles
Subscapularis- medial rotation Infraspinatus- lateral rotation Teres minor- lateral rotation Supraspinatus- abduction Prevent anterior and posterior dislocation
What nerve innervates the deltoid
Axillary nerve
What is the coracoacromial arch composed of
Coracoid process, coracoacromial ligament, acromial process. forms the roof of the glenohumeral joint to prevent anterior and superior dislocation
Anatomical snuffbox borders and main structure
Roof is the extensor pollicis longus, floor is extensor policies brevis. Radial artery is main structure
Why does impact result in a scaphoid fracture
Occlusion of the Radial artery resulting in less oxygenation so more likely fracture from insufficiency
What are the intracapsular ligaments of the humeral joint?
What would be damaged in the case of a posterior subluxation?
anterior+ superior- iliofemoral
inferior- pubofemoral
posterior- ischiofemoral
The posterior structure- the ischiofemoral ligament
What is the main blood supply to the hip joint?
Medial circumflex femoral artery
Diagnose- easy bruising, lethargy, aches in joints, bleeding gums, poor wound healing
Scurvy. Vitamin C deficiency, leading to collagen deficiency.
Diagnose- Blue sclera, easy bruising, hearing loss and multiple fractures
Osteogenesis imperfecta. Type 1 collagen mutation. autosomal dominant.
Type 1- mild, common
Type 2- rare, lethal
Osteogenesis imperfecta symptoms
Blue sclera, easy bruising, hearing loss and multiple fractures.
Type 1 collagen mutation. autosomal dominant.
Scurvy symptoms
Easy bruising, lethargy, aches in joints, bleeding gums, poor wound healing
Diagnose- Skin, tendon hyper extensibility, easy bruising and frequent subluxation. Aortic regurgitation and heart problems.
Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Type 3 collagen deficiency.
Autosomal dominance.
Ehlers Danlos syndrome symptoms
Skin, tendon hyper extensibility, easy bruising and frequent subluxation. Aortic regurgitation and heart problems.
Diagnose- Chest deformity, long hands, abnormal vertical height. Ocular dislocation and heart problems
Marfan syndrome. Fibrilin deficiency.
Describe Marfan syndrome
Chest deformity, long hands, abnormal vertical height. Ocular dislocation and heart problems
Symptoms of OA (acronym)
L- loss of joint space
O- Osteophyte formation in joint margin
S- subchondral sclerosis (increased density below the joint line)
S- subchondral cyst (fluid filled space
What does Aetiology mean
cause of disease
What is one characteristic feature of OA
Worse on exercise, better with rest
Dexa indications
T score between -1 and -2.5 means osteopenia, below -2.5 is OP
What is a symptom of Ulnar nerve damage
Clawed hand
What is the clinical effect of bisphosphonates
Reduced osteoclast activity to prevent bone resorption
What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?
Thenar eminence wasting, pins and needles in the thumb, index and middle finger, compression of median nerve. Wrist flexion elicits symptoms
Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Corticosteroid injection, wrist splints at night, surgical decompression
What is pseudo gout?
calcium deposits not uric acid. may increase joint calcification
Psoriatic arthritis symptoms
sausage fingers, changes in nails
Reactive arthritis history
history of GI or GU infection
Brachial plexus injury leading to no abduction and medial rotation
Superior trunk of nerves affected, leading to axillary, musculocutaneous, and median nerve damage
