Piertotum LOCOMOTOR @mcgonagal

Question 1

Roles of fibroblasts, osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes

Answer 1

Fibroblasts- synthesise collagen
Osteoblasts- synthesise bone
Osteoclasts- resorb bone
Osteocyte- maintains bone

Question 2

Paget’s disease

Answer 2

High osteoclast activity, excessive stimulation so excessive osteoblast compensation. leads to disorganised, irregular and elastic bones.
caused by viruses eg MMR

Question 3

Names of the rotator cuff muscles and their roles

Answer 3

Subscapularis- medial rotation
Infraspinatus- lateral rotation
Teres minor- lateral rotation
Supraspinatus- abduction
Prevent anterior and posterior dislocation

Question 4

What nerve innervates the deltoid

Answer 4

Axillary nerve

Question 5

What is the coracoacromial arch composed of

Answer 5

Coracoid process, coracoacromial ligament, acromial process. forms the roof of the glenohumeral joint to prevent anterior and superior dislocation

Question 6

Anatomical snuffbox borders and main structure

Answer 6

Roof is the extensor pollicis longus, floor is extensor policies brevis. Radial artery is main structure

Question 7

Why does impact result in a scaphoid fracture

Answer 7

Occlusion of the Radial artery resulting in less oxygenation so more likely fracture from insufficiency

Question 8

What are the intracapsular ligaments of the humeral joint?

What would be damaged in the case of a posterior subluxation?

Answer 8

anterior+ superior- iliofemoral
inferior- pubofemoral
posterior- ischiofemoral
The posterior structure- the ischiofemoral ligament

Question 9

What is the main blood supply to the hip joint?

Answer 9

Medial circumflex femoral artery

Question 10

Diagnose- easy bruising, lethargy, aches in joints, bleeding gums, poor wound healing

Answer 10

Scurvy. Vitamin C deficiency, leading to collagen deficiency.

Question 11

Diagnose- Blue sclera, easy bruising, hearing loss and multiple fractures

Answer 11

Osteogenesis imperfecta. Type 1 collagen mutation. autosomal dominant.
Type 1- mild, common
Type 2- rare, lethal

Question 12

Osteogenesis imperfecta symptoms

Answer 12

Blue sclera, easy bruising, hearing loss and multiple fractures.
Type 1 collagen mutation. autosomal dominant.

Question 13

Scurvy symptoms

Answer 13

Easy bruising, lethargy, aches in joints, bleeding gums, poor wound healing

Question 14

Diagnose- Skin, tendon hyper extensibility, easy bruising and frequent subluxation. Aortic regurgitation and heart problems.

Answer 14

Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Type 3 collagen deficiency.

Autosomal dominance.

Question 15

Ehlers Danlos syndrome symptoms

Answer 15

Skin, tendon hyper extensibility, easy bruising and frequent subluxation. Aortic regurgitation and heart problems.

Question 16

Diagnose- Chest deformity, long hands, abnormal vertical height. Ocular dislocation and heart problems

Answer 16

Marfan syndrome. Fibrilin deficiency.

Question 17

Describe Marfan syndrome

Answer 17

Chest deformity, long hands, abnormal vertical height. Ocular dislocation and heart problems

Question 18

Symptoms of OA (acronym)

Answer 18

L- loss of joint space
O- Osteophyte formation in joint margin
S- subchondral sclerosis (increased density below the joint line)
S- subchondral cyst (fluid filled space

Question 19

What does Aetiology mean

Answer 19

cause of disease

Question 20

What is one characteristic feature of OA

Answer 20

Worse on exercise, better with rest

Question 21

Dexa indications

Answer 21

T score between -1 and -2.5 means osteopenia, below -2.5 is OP

Question 22

What is a symptom of Ulnar nerve damage

Answer 22

Clawed hand

Question 23

What is the clinical effect of bisphosphonates

Answer 23

Reduced osteoclast activity to prevent bone resorption

Question 24

What are the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome?

Answer 24

Thenar eminence wasting, pins and needles in the thumb, index and middle finger, compression of median nerve. Wrist flexion elicits symptoms

Question 25

Treatment of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Answer 25

Corticosteroid injection, wrist splints at night, surgical decompression

Question 26

What is pseudo gout?

Answer 26

calcium deposits not uric acid. may increase joint calcification

Question 27

Psoriatic arthritis symptoms

Answer 27

sausage fingers, changes in nails

Question 28

Reactive arthritis history

Answer 28

history of GI or GU infection

Question 29

Brachial plexus injury leading to no abduction and medial rotation

Answer 29

Superior trunk of nerves affected, leading to axillary, musculocutaneous, and median nerve damage