Piemonte Flashcards
1
Q
CATA
How many hectares are cultivated in Piemonte?
A
45.000
2
Q
Is it the first region in Italy in surface?
A
No, the first one is sicily
3
Q
How many DOCG, DOC and IGT are in Piemonte?
A
17 DOCG
42 DOC
0 IGT
4
Q
Were the Piemonte wines famous amongst romans?
A
No
5
Q
How many unique varieties does the Piemonte has
A
20 unique varieties
6
Q
Are international varieties important in Piemonte?
A
No
7
Q
Which where the first tribes in Piemonte around 1000 BC
A
Taurini
Salasi
8
Q
From who both Taurini and Salasi learnt about winemaking?
A
From Etruscans
9
Q
What did happen with Taurasi ans Salesi around 400 BC?
A
The celitics and together they confronted Rome
10
Q
Name 5 cities founded by Romans
A
Ivrea
Asti
Alba
Novara
Vercelli
11
Q
Did the Barbarian Invasions afffected the Piemonte region?
A
Not so much
12
Q
What kind of organization occured when the Lombards entered in the VI to Piemonte?
A
There is a division un duchies and counties
Marquisates (Montferrato and Saluzzo)
City states (Asti, Alessandria, Novara)
13
Q
What does happen in Piemonte after the arrival of the Lombards in the VI?
A
In the VIII the Franks appear bringing the Holy Roman Empire
14
Q
Who managed the middle age viticulture
A
Catholic monks
15
Q
Which city was considered as the most advanced in the middle ages
A
Montferrato
16
Q
Which were the the first varieties in appprear in Piemonte?
A
Nebbiolo
Moscato
17
Q
What important marriage did occur in 1045?
A
Oddone Count of Savoy
Adelaide de Susa Marquise of Torino
18
Q
What did happed in the XVIII in Piemonte?
A
Savoia acquired most of NW of Italy transforming the Duchy of Savoya in the KIngdom of Serdegna
19
Q
After the Napoleon defeat in 1815 it takes Italy what important movement? Who was on the of the main actors?
A
The Risorgimiento
KIngdom of Serdegna Prime Minister CAVOUR
20
Q
When is founded the Kingdom of Italy?
A
1861
21
Q
Which cities became aroun 1872 as centers of monitoring and experimentation in the Piemonte?
A
Asti and Gattinara
22
Q
When was founded in 1855?
A
Oenological schol of Alba
23
Q
In which order did the pests come?
A
- Oidium
- Phyloxera
- Mildew
24
Q
Amongst what altitudes are stiuated most of vineyards in Piemonte?
A
Between 150 and 400 msnm
25
What can you say about the other cultive in Piemonte?
**RICE**
Piemonte is the largest producer in Italy
The type **arborio**
**Vercelli** has several ruce fields
26
Which is the orographic frame that closes Piemonte?
North : Alps
South : Ligurian apenines and maritime alps
West : Alps
27
Which is the % of the ring of mountains, hills and flat plains in the piemonte?
Mountains 43%
Hills 30%
Flat 27% (the upper part of the Pianura Padana), Plains of Novara and Planis of Vercelli
28
Is there any intermediate mountains to the West?
No.
There are just clusters of mountains.
29
Important cities of Montferrato, Langhe and Roero, Novara and Vercelli and the Hills of Tortona
**Montferrato**: Asti and Alessandria
**Langhe and Roero** Cuneo
**Novara and Vercelli** Novara and Vercelli
**Hills of Tortona** Alessandria
30
Name the tributaries of the Po River to the north and to the south
**North**
Ticino, Sesia, Dora Baltea, Dora Riparia
**South**
Tanaro
Bormida
31
How can be defined the climate in Piemonte?
When are snow, fogs and hail common
Continental with several microclimates and macroclimates
**Snow** : common in winter
**Fogs** common in autum and winter
**Hail** late summer - early autum (Langhe, Montferrato)
32
Which is the average Temperature in
Piemonte?
12°C
(13°C to the south)
33
Why is the rain limited?
Where is the highest level of rain found?
Due to the shadow effect of the Alps (500-600 mm in Cuneo and Montferrato)
Highest: South piemonte (900 - 1200)
34
Albugnano DOC
35
Piemonte DOC
36
Barbera d'Asti DOC
37
Cortese dell'Alto Montferrato
38
Dolcetto d'Asti DOC
39
Freisa d'Asti DOC
40
Loazzolo DOC
41
Malvasia del Castelnuovo Don Bosco
42
Ruche de Castiglione Montferrato
43
Which are the most famous grapes of Piemonte (70% of the production)
Dolcetto
Nebbiolo
Barbera
Moscato Bianco
44
Namer the secondary 10 grape varieties of Piemonte
Freisa
Brachetto
Girngolino
Croatina
Malvasia di Scheriano
Malvasia di Casorzo
Ruché
Uva Rara
Vespolina
45
Which is the most planted grape variety and where it is more common?
**BARBERA**
Asti
Alessandria
46
Which is the most prestigiuos grape variety in the whole Piemonte?
**NEBBIOLO**
Barolo and Barbaresco
Langhe Nebbiolo
Nebbiolo d'Alba
Roero
Gattinara
Gheme
Carema
47
Which is the "nd most popular grape variety in the Piemonte?
Moscato Bianco
Popular for the **Asti DOCG**
48
Which is the very expressive grape variety in GAVI DOCG
The Cortese Grape
49
Where can be located the origin of the Barbera grape?
At the hills of Montferrato in XVII XVIII
50
Why after phyloxera the producers loved the Barbera Grape?
Because of its productivity
51
What did happen with the *everyday barbera wine (with dolcetto)* in the 80 s ?
Started to be:
. late harvested
. *aging in new oak*¨
. low yields
. acquired aging potential
52
Is the Barbera eraly or late rippener?
Late rippener
53
Descritpion of the Barbera grape in acidity, tannins and fruit
. High acidity
. Low tannins
. Cherry fruit
54
Why are the dolcetto graped called "dolcetto"?
It is the sweetness of the grape when harvested
55
Where is the dolcetto grape native of?
where is most commonly planted?
Dogliani
Planted in higher or cool places
56
How does the dolcetto grape rippen compared to barbera and nebbiolo?
It ripens earlier
57
Descriptors of the dolcetto grape
Deep Colour
Black fruit (ripe, plum, almonds, licquorice)
Tannins
Bitter finish
58
What kind of soils the Nebbiolo grape loves?
Calcareous marls
59
Which is the oldest reference for Nebbiolo grape and why it is called Nebbiolo
First reference XIII
Nebbiolo is because the fogs when harvesting
60
How is the nebbiolo grape about the budding and ripening?
Early budding
Late ripener (difficult to ripe this is why the growers look for south facing and well exposed slopes)
61
Name early nebbiolo descriptoirs
Ruby - garnet (orange with age)
Red cherry
Rose - violet
Tar
Licquorice
Under bush
**Perfume and finesse**
62
Name descriptors for aged nebbiolo
Dried red fruits
Whitered rose petals
Sweet spices
Leather
Truffles
63
Which are the caracteristics structural descriptors of the Nebbiolo in the palate?
Acid
Tannins
Alcohol
Extracts and flavour concentration
64
Different Nebbiolo biotypes
**Lampia** main biotype, highly planted , most reliable
**Michet** virused fro Lampia
**Bolla** lesser quality
**Rose**a distinct variety
65
Is the**Freisa** variety also and old one?
Where is it commonly planted?
Yes, it comes from the 16th but lost popularity in front of Dolcetto and Barbera
Usually found at Asti, Langhe and Torino
66
Which are the organoleptic descriptors of the Freisa variety?
High tannins
High acidity
Wild strawberry - raspberry
Shows bitterness but a sweet finish
It can be dry or sweet.
frizzante or spumante
67
Which other very old variety was popular with the freisa?
Gringolino
68
Where does the gringolino name come from?
From **gringole** which is the name for the pip of the grape
69
Organolpetic descriptors for the **gringolino** grape
. Pale red
. Flowers - Red berries
. Pepper - Herbs
. High tannins, high acidity
. Light bodied, light alcohol
70
Where is the brachetto variety original from?
From Acquiterme (Alessandria)
71
The brachetto grape is the red equivalent of what grape?
Moscato bianco (redfrizzi and sparkling)
72
Some notes about the **pelaverga piccolo**
It is from Pelaverga di Verduno (Langhe) a grape almost forgotten but recovered in the '80
It is fruited, spiced with refreshing acidity
73
Some notes about the **ruchè variety**
Aroun Castiglinone (Asti)
Perfumed, roses, red fruit, spices
74
Notes about the **Moscato Biando Grape**
Es la famosa *muscat blanc a petit grains*.
It is the most planted since used for **Moscato d'Asti** and **Asti Spumante**
Notes of **orange blossom, stone fruit, citrus, honey, musk**
75
What do you know about the **Cortese grape**?
Very productive. Yields must be controlled.
Famous in **GAVI DOCG**
**Refreshing acidity, minerality, lemon Zest**
76
Which is the grape known for having *difficult personality* also named *the white Nebbiolo**?
Give some characteristics
**Arneis** Since it is difficult to ripe and its acidity can fall suddenly.
Known since the XV and native from Roero Hills. almost lost.
Recovered by **Bruno Giacosa and Vietti** (gre
at Barolo and Barbaresco producer)
**Medium to Full body, perfumed, complex, white flowers, stone fruit, ripe pear**
77
Where is the Erbaluce found?
Close to Caluso from XVII.
Thick skin and high acidity. It is used for the *passitos*
When dry is **floral, apple and citrus**
78
Notes about the **timorasso** grape
It is a very ancient grape fround **around the hills of Tortona**
Good for aging
After the phyloxera it was replaced by more productive grapes as cortese.
In the '80 it had almost dissapeared when it was recovered by Walter Massa
**High acid, mineral, floral, citrus , honey, creaminess**
79
Which are the properties that a variety has to have to produce *passitos*
High Acidity
Thick skins
80
What is the % of red wines produced in Piemonte?
60%
81
What is the % od wines produced under DOC or DOCG in Piemonte?
90%
82
Which are the most important cities on wine production in Piemonte?
Alba and Asti
83
Talking about the high densitiy of plantations in Piemonte, how many hectares has an average familiy state producer?
1 or 2 has
84
Where does the word **VERMOUTH** come from?
Wormwood or absenta from the German Wermuth
Created in 1786 by Antonio Benedetto Carpano
Originally produced with Moscato Bianco
85
Which are the pimemonte subregions?
**Northern Piemonte**
Nebbiolo, Vercelli, Biella
*Nebbiolo, Erbaluce*
**Western Piemonte and Torini Hills**
Foothill of Alps
**Alba**
Hills og Langhe, Hills og Roero
*Nebbiolo*
**Montferrato**
Asti and Alessandria
*Barbera, Moscato Bianco*
86
How is it called the nebbiolo grape in Piemonte?
Spanna
87
Geographical description of Novara and Vercelli Hills
. Altitude
. Important topographic element
. Borders with other regions
. Soils and subsoils origin
. Soils composition
. Which river divides east and west the region
. Borders Lomnbardia
. Altitude : 200 - 500 msnm
. **Moraines** link between Alps and the plain
**Origin of soils** : glacial, marine, volcanic
**Origin of subsoils** volcanic and granitic
The region is divided by SEsia river between East (Novara) and West (Vercelli)
88
Climate in Piemonte
. Which are the climate moderators?
. More moderated than the hot Po plain
. Received cool winds from Alps
89
Which was the training system before and today?
Pergola before
Guyot today
90
What is the final result of the cool winds from Alps.
How do they deal with it?
In the north, is more difficult to acheve maturity for the Nebbiolo
The nebbiolo is softened with **vespolina, croatina and uva rara**
91
First Notes about **GATTINARA DOCG**
One of the most prestigious DOC of Piemonte
100 has of the best natural exposition of all Piemonte
Exports since XIV
In XVI was introduced in the Court of Charles V by Cardinal Mercurino Arborio
In 1990 passed from DOC to DOCG
92
Soils of **Gattinara DOCG**
DEscomposed volcanic porphyric subsoil
93
Where was the Gattinara vineyard planted?
On the Sesia river between 250 - 550 msnm between Gattinara and Vercelli
94
Which are the most prestigious
95
Which are the most prestigious Gattinara´single vineyards
. Osso san Grato
. San Francesco
. Castelle
. Molsino
. Valferana
96
Which are the *disciplinare* requeriments for Gattinara?
35 months (24 in oak) **3524**
47 months (36 in oak) **4736**
97
Descriptors for Gasttinara DOCG
Violets, redberry, tar, spices, forest floor, leather
**high tannins, high acidity**
98
Which are the differences between the Langhe and Gattinara´s nebbiolos?
Lighter color and body
More acid
Lower alcohol
99
Charactaristics of **Ghemme DOCG**
Which are the soils?
Which are the minimum nebboilo's content in Ghemme?
Created in 1997
Alluvial and glacial soils
85% Nebbiolo
15% (vespolina, uva rara)
100
Aging disciplinare requeriments for Ghemme DOCG
34 months (18 in oak) **3418**
46 months (24 oak) **4624**
101
Which are the diffeences between Gattinara and Ghemme DOCG nebbiolo´s?
Ghemme ones are more austere and sturdy than Gattinara ones
102
Characteristics of **Lessona DOC**
Types of soil
Minimum 85% nebbiolo
15% (vespolina/uva rara)
Soils of marine origin (both acidic and mineral rich sands) which gives a **mineral caracter** to the wine
Great potential
103
Description of Bramaterra DOC
Difference in soils
Nebbiolo must be a maximum of 50-80% blend
Up to 30% croatina
Up to 20 % uva rara /vespolina
104
List the appelations on the west side of the Sesia river
Gattinara, Lessona and Bramaterra
105
List appelations on west bank of Sesia river
Boca, Fara, Sizzano, Vallia Ossolane, Coline Novaresi
106
Which is the main differnce between the Sesia river west banks and the east one?
West bank ha slower minimum % of Nebbiolo and are more affordables
107
Notes about **Boca DOC** and its difference with **Fara DOC**
Boca is in the north, soils of volcanic origin and it is more structured.
108
Name the minor appelattions of Novara and Vercelli Hills
Valli Ossolane
Coline Novaresi
Coste delle Sesia
109
Wines of **Valli Ossolane DOC**
Red of Nebbiolo, Croatina and Merlot
Whites of Chardonnay
110
Which are the east and west Sesia bank fall back appelations?
East :
**Colline Novaresi DOC**
Reds based on nebbiolo
Whites 100% Erbaluce
Single varietals of Nebbiolo, Barbera, Uva Rara
West:
**Coste delle Sesia**
White : *Coste delle Sesia Bianco DOC** 100% of Erbaluce
Single varietals: Nebbiolo, Croatina, VEspolina
111
Major features of the **Canavese region**
It is at the foothills of the Alps, just following the Valle d'Aosta along the **Ivrea** Glacial Basin.
It is disected in two by the Dora Baltea river :
. **Canavese**: Carema DOC (Nebbiolo)
**Erbaluce di Caluso** (Passito)
112
Notes on **Carema DOC**
Simmilar to what other italian region is Carema?
Based on which grape?
Which is the dominant geographich element?
And the soils?
Simmilar to Valle d'Aosta
Nebbiolo (vino de montagna)
Monte Maletto (300-700 msnm) with **glacial deposits of metamorphic schists
113
Which is the traditional training system in the **Carema DOC**?
A pergola called TOPIA made with two pillars (or pillum) and a chestnut horizontal trunk.
114
Which are the minumum varietal and aging requieriments in **Carema DOC**?
Minimum 85% Nebbiolo
24 months (12 oak) 2412
Riserva
36 months (12 oak) 3612
115
Descriptors for the nebbiolo **Carema DOC**
Fragant, violets, high acidity, mineral, lightbody
116
Notes of **Erbaluce di Caluso DOCG**
Adapted to what type of soils?
Famous for its **passito white**
Adapted to sandy, gravely and acidic soils.
117
In which styles the **Erbaluce di Caluso** is produced?
**Dry** : acidic and mineral. Floral aromas.
**Sparkling**
**Sweet** : passito: air dried. slightly oixidized
118
Aging requeriments for Erbaluce di Caluso
36 months
Riserva 48 months
119
**CANAVESE DOC**
It is the fallback appelation of which others?
Which are the styles of wines
Fallback for
Erbaluce di Caluso and Carema DOC
Red and rosé wines based on nebbiolo, barbera, uva rara, freisa, neretto
Varietals:
White: Erbaluce
Reds: Nebbiolo and barbera
120
Which are the most famous appellations of western piemonte?
Colline Saluzzesi DOC
Pineroloese DOC
Valsusa DOC
121
Brief description of Pinerolese DOC wine
Red Blend made of :
. Nebbiolo
. Barbera
. Pelaverga grosso
. Catus
122
Notes around Pinerolese DOC
**Light, fresh and with moderated alcohol**
.Largest in production
. **Single varietals of**
Barbera, Uva rara, Freisa, dolcetto, *Doux d'Henry* (dulce)
**Red and Rosé blends of**
Barbera, uva rara, nebbiolo, chatus
**Ramie** red blend
Avana, avarengo, chatus, beucet
123
Is the Valsusa DOC the smaller or the largest of piemonte
The smaller
124
Description and DOC's of **TORINO HILLS**
Soils
Single Varietals
On calcareous marls
**Single Varietals of**
Barbera, Pelaverga Grosso (sweet)
**Red varietals of**
Barbera, uva rara, malvasia, pelavertga grosso
125
Location of **Alba region**. How is it divided by the **Tanaro** river?
It is at the south of Piemonte, eastern section.
The Tanato divides it between :
**Roero hills**
Left bank
Low rising
Steeply sloped
**Langhe Hills**
Right banks
High rising
Gentle slopes
126
Why is **Alba ** an important gastronomic center?
White truffles
Hazelnut
Chocolate
127
Climate in the **Alba** region
**Moderate continental**
Cold winters, warm dry summers (rainstorms, hail), foggy and mild autums which extends the grape rippenning as nebbiolo
Rain: 500-800 mm
128
**Soils** in the Alba Region
They were generated by the retreat of **Padano sea** (15-16 mA) leaving deposits of **clays, calcareous marls, sandstone and chalk**
Langhe : **terre bianche** (calcereous marls, white soils, sandstones) 15 Ma
Roero : **More modern** 5 Ma SAnds, marine deposits
129
Why Alba is the Ideal microclimate for vines?
. milder conditions than in the north
. soil composition
. south facing slopes
. moderate continental climate
. cool air from the alps
. warm wind frm the south
130
Compared with the nebbiolo's from Gattinara or Ghamme, how are the nebbiol's from Alba?
bigger
fuller body
higher alcohol
131
Training systems at Alba
Guyot training
Cordon prunning spur
132
From where does the name **Langhe** comes?
From *Tongues* which is the shape of the hills separated by deep valleys
133
Langhe hills is not the area in Italy with more % of vineyards
True or false
False
134
How much is the average area of a property in Langhe hills?
2 has
135
Which are the main grape varieties in Langhe hills?
**Nebbiolo**
Barbera
Dolcetto
Moscato
136
Which are the secondary gra pe varieties in Langhe hills?
Pelaverga
Freisa
Favorita
137
How can be divided the Langhe hills?
**Alta Langha** (nebbiolo)
________ *Monforte d'Alba*________
**Bassa Langha** (Dolcetto)
138
Which is the climate moderator in Langhe hills?
The Tanaro river
139
Which are the best sites for nebbiolo grape?
Middle south facing slopes
140
Which site requires the dolcetto grape?
**Top of the slopes** since it is an early ripener and it needs cooler and higher places
141
And the places to grow barbera?
Bottom of the valleys, east and west facing
142
Which are the international varieties that can be included in Langhe DOC?
Chardonnay, Sauvignon blanc
Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot
143
What are the heights between the Barolo's dsciplinare says that the vineyards must be?
170 msnm (most mid slopes)
540 msnm
144
Brief history of Barolo
. Originally the Barolo was **sweet**
. Around 1800 the Marquise of Barolo, **Giullia Falletti** and **Camillo Benso** Coiunt of Cavour contracts the french oenologist **Oudart** to develop it.
. Around 1830-1840 Paolo **Stagliano** created the **dry styled Barolo**
. **Giullia Faletti** introduced to the aristochratic cyrcles of Torino
. The **Savoy familiy** bought stastes in Verdino and Serralunga de Alba
. The Barolo beomes the **liquid ambassador of the house of Savoy** *king of the wines and wine of the king*
145
What is the surface of Barolo?
Where is located?
How many times does it include?
It is located at the NW of Langhe
In an area of 11 x 8 k
11 comunes
146
Name the Barolo's comunes
**Barolo**
**Castiglione Falletto**
**Serralunga d'Alba**
**Monforte d'Alba**
**La Morra**
Novello
Verdiuno
Grinzane Cavour
Diano d'Alba
Cherasco
Roddi
147
If the think on the Barolo's hills and the snow, where should be the best places to plant?
Those where the snwo melts first
148
What is a Bricco in Barolo?
The highest part of the hill
149
What does the term **sori** means in Barolo?
The sunniest site
150
Bricco's in Barolo
Barolo
Barbaresco
Langhe
Roero
151
What kind of soils can we find in Barolo?
**Tortonian**(younger)
In western Barolo and some part of the East
*Calcareous Marls, morte fertile and pore compact*
**Serravillan** (older)
*Sandstones, les compact, less fertile*
152
Which are the characteristics of the Barolo's coming from **Tortonian** soils compared to the serravillan ones?
Perfumed
Elegant
Fruiter
Softer
Reach more rapidly the maturity
153
Name the villages in Barolo where we can find tortonian soils
Barolo and La Morra
154
Which are the characteristics of the Barolo's coming from serravillian soils compared to the tortonian ones?
More power
Depth
Fuller
Robust
Need more time to mature
155
Name the villages in Barolo where serravillian soils can be found
Montforte d'Alba
Serralunga d'Alba
Castiglione Falletto
156
In the old times, the *commercianti* made what with Barolo wines?
After what year everything changed ?
What was the final cration of this movement
They used to blend wines from different Barolo's vienyards
After the '70's started the **state bottling** and rose the concept of unique profile.
The last consequence of this movement was the creation of the **Menzione Geografiche Aggiuntiuve** MGA where **the fruit comes from a certain stated designation**
157
From the Menzione Geografiche Aggiuntive, how many are **geographical designations** and how many are **comunal designations**?
181 geographical designations
11 comunal designations
158
Name some of the best known MGA at Barolo
Brunate
Bussia
Cannubi
Cerequio
Francia
Ginestra
Monprivato
Roche dell'Annunciata
Roche di Castiglione
Sarmassa
Vigna Rionda
Villero
159
What can be mentioned between the vinfication methods until 1970 and after 1970?
**Until 1970**
Long macerations (1 or 2 months) that sometimed produced the lost of varietal characters.
Aging in large neutral slavonian oaks or bohl (chestnut casks)
Austere and tannic
Need additional bottle aging
**After 1970**
Fruiter
More concetration
More temperature control
Less oak print
Small oak barriques
Poor development in bottle
Known as *Barolo's boys*
160
Barolo's descirptors
**Aspect**
Never deep in colour, light ruby which goes to garnet and brick orange with time
**Nose**
Flowers as rose and violet, red fresh berries, tar (alquitran) , earth
**with time**: dried fruit, dried flowers, spices (nutmeg, cinnamon)mint, leather, tobacco, meaty, liquorice, withe truffle
**Mouth**
Dense texture, concetration, acid tannin core
**Enormous Benefits with bottle aging**
161
Aging requirements of Barolo
38 months (18 months oak) 3818
Ris
62 months (18 months oak)
162
What is a **Barolo Chinato**?
It is an aromairzed and fortified drink where the base wine is a Barolo with quinine, aromatic herbs, spices.
It is a digestif that pais with chocolate
163
Does the **barolo chinato** enters inside the Barolo DOCG appellation?
Yes it does.
164
Comment some differences between **Barolo** and **Barbaresco**
Barbaresco is a more *feminine* wine
Barbaresco is lighter and less structured.
165
Some history about **Barbaresco DOCG**
Before 1890 the graps from Barbaresco were used for Barolo
En 1894 Domizio Cavazza (director of enologiy at Alba) acquired the Castle of Barbaresco and started a cooperative
1950 1960 Gaja and Giacosa start promoting
166
Altitude of production of Barbaresco DOCG
150 - 350 msnm
167
Geographical location of Barbaresco DOCG
At the right bank of Tanaro (closer to the Tanaro than Barolo)
At the NE of Alba
168
Name the comunes around Barbaresco DOCG
**Barbaresco** most of production
**Neive** more dolcetto and moscato bianco
**Treiso** cooler mesoclimate**
**San rocco Sena d'elbio**
169
Which are the most common Barbaresco soils?
**Tortonian**
(Calcareous marls and layers of sand)
170
What is the minumum alcohol content of Barbartesco DOCG
12.5 to 13 ABV
171
Aging requeriments of Barbaresco
26 months (9 in oak) 269
Riserva 50 months (9 in oak) 509
172
Barbaresco descriptors
lighter and less structures than Barolo
173
Which Barolo could be compared to a lighter Barbaresco?
La Morra
174
When was introduced the concept of single vineyard in Barbaresco?
How many MGA are in Barbaresco?
1980
66
175
Name some important MGA in Barbaresco
Asili
Basarin
Gallina
Martinenga
Montefisco
Montestefanoi
Ovello
Pajaré
Pora
Rabaja
176
How was the traditional Barbaresco winemaking produced?
Longs macerations
Extended aging in neutral Casks
177
How is the new winemaking procedures in Barbaresco?
**Gaja**
Shorter amcerations
Shorter aging in new french oak barrels
178
Is the Nebbiolo d'Alba a fallback classification?
No
179
Can the Nebbiolo d'Alba have a % of other grapes?
No. It must be 100% Nebbiolo
180
What does happen if Nebbiolo d'Alb has to declassify?
It goes to **Langhe Nebbiolo DOC**
181
Aging requirements of a Langhe Nebbiolo DOC
12 months
18 months (superiore)
182
Does the Nebbiolo d'Alba allows a Spumante version?
Yes.
Red or rosé.
183
Can we say that the **Nebbiolo d'Alba** is an approachable version of Nebbiolo?
Yes
184
Which notes gives the Nebbiolo d'Alba?
Flowers
Fruits
A Tary note
185
Which are the variety regulations for **Alba DOC**
70 - 85% Nebbiolo
15 - 20 % Barbera
186
Why is the **dolcetto** grape so valuated in Piemonte?
Because its early ripening and easy drinking and the no-need of prolonged maturation.
It is first served in traditional albanese meals
187
Which are the notes of the dolcetto?
Ripe black fruit
liquorice
Moderate acidity
Full body
Bitter sweet finesse
188
Dogliani is know as .... ?
The capital of the **Dolcetto**
189
How was known before the Dogliani DOCG?
Dolcetto di Dogliani DOCG
190
Does Dogliani DOCG accept any % of other grape?
No. It must be 100% Dolcetto
191
Can we consider Dogliani DOCG a link between which Langhe regions?
**Lower Langhe** (Bassa- Langa) Barolo and Barbaresco
**Higher Langa** (Alta- Langa)
Hazelnut and Sheep
192
Is there any **Dogliani superiore DOCG**?
Yes.
And it has lower yields and higher alcohol.
193
Notes of of the DOGLIANI DOCG
Purple colour
Flowers
Black fruit
Moderated acidity
Tannic
Bitter finish
194
Where is the **Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba DOC** located and which are its characterisitics?
And the grape characteristics?
It is on a small hilltop at the south of Alba.
It is 1005 dolcetto
Dolcetto di Diano d'Alba is a consorzio of 76 sites or **söri** that in 2010 became 76 MGA
Fruiter and more fragant
Less structured
Lower alcohol
195
Which appellation is the best known and most important producer of the **dolcetto** grape?
Dolcetto d'Alba
196
Where is located the Dolcetto d'Alba appellation?
Hilly area on the right bank of Tanaro river and lower Langhe
197
How are the soils of the Dolcetto d'Alba DOC?
**Typical of the Lower Langhe**
Calcareous marls
Sandstones
Sands
Marginal areas that takes the marginal sites where Barolo and barbaresco does not rip well
198
Where does the **Barbera d'Alba DOC** grows?
Where is the Barbera planted ?
In which columns is based the Barbera d'Alba DOC appletation?
Right and lower Langhe
Left Hills of Roero (more approachable)
Where the nebbiolo does not ripe
Besed upon:
. **Lower Yields*
. **Oak aging**
. **harvested at peak ripeness**
199
According to the Barbera d'Alba disciplinare, how is the variety content ?
85% Barbera
up to 15% of Nebbiolo
200
How long is the minimum aging requieriments for the **Barbera d'Alba DOC Superiore**?
12 months
(8 in oak)
201
Barbera d'Alba DOC appelation has short, medium or long term aging potential?
Medium term
202
Basic descriptors of the Barbera d'Alba DOC?
Deep purple
Earthy
Intense Red Fruit
203
Which descriptors can we find in an aged in bottle Barbera d'Alba?
Earth
Leather
Tobacco
204
204
Ironically, where does the best Barbera d'Alba come from?
From Barolo and Barbaresco
205
Which is one of the more flexible appellationd of the Alba region?
How many comunes does it include?
**Langhe DOC**
90 comunes
206
Which was the reason because the **Langhe DOC** was created?
. To ""allow blend"" of different varieties of Langhe and Roero
. To permit internation varieties
207
How much of one variety must have a wine in Langhe DOC to be considered a **varietal**?
85%
208
Name some of the **native varieties** of Langhe DOC
Nebbiolo
Barbera
Dolcetto
Arneis
Favorita
Freisa
Nascetta
209
Name some of the **international varieties** of Langhe DOC
Chardonnay
Riesling
Sauvignon blanc
Cabernet sauvignon
Merlot
Pinot Nero
210
Which styles are produced in the **Langhe Nebbiolo DOC** appelation?
Red
Whites
Rosato
Passito
211
Why for the Barolo and Barbaresco use the **Langhe Nebbiolo DOC**?
How long is the oak aging?
And the varietal content?
To release nebbiolo's wines with less aging
12 months (18 months minumum in Barolo)
212
Name the most relevant subzone (comune) inside Langhe Nebbiolo DOC
**Comune di Novello**
Made with Nascetta grape
Sage, Rosemary
213
Short description of the **Verduno di Pelaverga DOC**
Focused on the red vareity **Pelaverga Piccolo** (min 80%)
Refreshing acidity floral/red fruits
Spicy green white pepper.
214
Notes on **Alta Langha DOCG**
High quality sparklings made with **metodo classico**
Pinot nero and Chardonnay
30 months on lees
36 months riserva
215
**Description of the Roero Hills**
. Origin of the Name
. Hilly region or plain region
. Location
The name is due to the Roero familiy from the middle ages
Roero is a hilly region, lower than Langhe but more steeped
Roero is located to the north of Slbs and left bank of the Tanaro
216
Generally speaking which origin have the soils in Roero?
Allowed heights
Marine origin, sand, sandstone and marls
450 to 700 msnm
217
Inside which DOC's is Roero included?
Barbera d'Alba DOC
Nebbiolo d'Alba DOC
Langhe DOC
Alba DOC
Some nebbiolo producers which used to bottle their Nebbiolos as Nebbiolo d'Alba DOC, they do today as Roero DOCG
218
Description of the **Roero DOCG**
When it did become DOC
When it did become DOCG
How many MGA it accounts with
Arneis: **Roero Arneis DOCG**
Nebbiolo : **Roero DOCG** (min 95% Nebbiolo)
DOC in 1985
DOCG in 2004
**153 MGA**
219
Aging requieriments of Roero DOCG nebbiolo's
20 months aging
6 months in oak
206
**Riserva**
32 months aging
6 months oak
326
220
Where does the nebbiolo grow best in Roero DOCG
South facing slopes.
Poor sandy soils
221
How is a Roero DOCG nebbiolo´s compared with the the finesse and perfume of Barolo and Barbaresco ones**
Early maturer
Less tannic
Lighter
Softer
222
Description of the Roero Arneis DOCG
Style
Arneis content
Aromas
White and dry
95% Arneis grapes
Full body
White flowers, pear, apple and almonds
223
General description of the **Montferrato Region**
What is it¨?
Division
Hilly area at south of Piemonte
**Basso Montferrato or Montferrato Cassalese** (north low hills)
**Monferrato Astigiano** (rolling hills)
**Alto Monteferrato** (southern ligurian appenines)
224
Climate in the **Montferrato region**
Continental climate
Hot summers cold winters
800 mm
225
15 to 16 Millon years beforem the retreat of the **Padamo sea** left **3 (three) types of soils** in Piemonte.
Describe these types as well as the region where they can be found
**TERRE BIANCHE** : sand, sandstone, calcareous marls, all alternating with lyers of **calcium carbonate** In *Montferrato Astigiano, Alto Montferrato and Basso Montferrato*
**SABBIE ASTIANE**: High sand content, low water carrying to stress.
In *Montferrato Astigiano Centrale*
**TERRE ROSSE** : high clay content with iron and magnesium
226
What is an **infiernotti**
Undersground cellar carved into sandstone soils used to store the best bottles
227
List the appellations of the Montferrato Astigiano
**Barbera d'Asti DOCG**
**Nizza DOCG**
**Ruché di Casiglioni Montferrato DOCG**
**Bracchetto D'Aqui DOCG**
**Asti DOCG**
**Moscato d'Asti DOCG**
**Moscato d'Asti Vendemia Tardiva DOCG**
**Asti Spumante DOCG**
Freisa d'Asti DOC
Dolcetto d'Asti DOC
Grignolino d'Asti DIC
Malvasía di Casorzo DOC
Malvasía di Castelnuovo Don Bosco DOC
Terre Alfieri DOC
Cisterna d'Asti DOC
Calosso DOC
Loazzolo DOC
Albugnano DOC
228
List the Appellations of the Alto and Basso Montferratto
Barbera del Montferratto DOC
**Barbera del Montferratto Superiore DOCG**
Dolcetto di Ovada
**Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG**
**Gavi DOCG**
Colli tortonedi DOC
Grignolino del Montferrato Casalse DOC
Dolcetto d'Acqui DOC
Cortese dell'Alto Montferrato DOC
Strevi DOC
Rubino di Cantavenna DOC
Gabbiano DOC
Montferratto DOC
Piemonte DOC
229
Which is the 2nd most sold appellation of all Piemnonte after Asti DOCG?
Barbera d'Asti DOCG
230
Has the Barbera varieti prioriti in Montferrato or not?
Yes
231
Which are the soils of Barbera d'Asti region?
Which is the height gap wehre Barbera d'Asti can be produced?
Which are the training methods
Sabbie Astiane and Terre Bianche
Between 150 and 400 msnm
Guyot and cordon
232
**Vinification in Barbera d'Asti DOCG**
How much is the minumum of Barbera content required?
Aging for the wines adressed to **eraly consumption**
Where and how was the **traditional **aging? Before "*table wines*
Aging requirement for **superiore** (characteristics)
how is the current **modern**aging?
Name some modern producers ho have changed the *table wine profile* of the Barbera d'Asti DOC
90% minumum content of Barbera grape
**Early consumption** : stainless steel
**Traditional aging**: large neutral oak casks
**Modern aging** small oak barrerls giving more tannins, more texture
*Braida, Bersano, Scarpa*
Aging : **4 months**
Superiore : 14 months
233
Organoleptic charactaristics of the **Barbera d'Asti DOCG**
Deep ruby, purple
Red berries
High acidity
Low to medium tannins
Ripe fruit
Spicy
Full bodied
234
Name the 2 (two) subzones of the Barbera d'Asti Superiore DOCG
Tinella and Colli Astisani
235
**Nizza DOCG** Description
100% Barbera
Previously it was a zone of Barbera d'Asti Superiore DOCG
Aging : 18 months
Riserva : 30 months 12 in oak
236
Description on **Ruché do Castiglione Montferratto DOCG**
Made of lical and indigenous **Ruché** grape (up to 10% of Barbera.
Soils of **Sabbie Astiane**. Vines in the woods
Rose, perfume, spice tannins
Bitter finish
237
Description of the **Brachetto d'Acqui DOCG**
GRape content
Main Style
Derived styles
DOC and DOCG certification years
Around which city it is located?
Creators
Content
95% brachetto
Sweet, aromatic sparkling red : *ruby, redberry, rose*
a.he best is **still or slightly frizzy**
b. Sparkling
c. Passito (less common) 5 -7 % ABV
1969 doc
1996 docg
Around the roman city of Acquiiterre
Created by Arturo Bersano with **Martinotti method**
238
Notes on **Freisa d'Asti DOC**
Location
Base grape
Styles
DEscriptors
On all Asti province (all Montferratto Astigiano)
Freisa based
**Styles**
Still
Still superiore (1 year aging)
Frizzante (off-dry)
Spumante
**Sweetness levels** : dry, off-dry, medium sweet
**Descriptors** pale ruby red
high acidity and tannins, strawberry, respberry, rose and violets
239
Characteristics of the **Dolcetto d'Asti DOC**
Location
% of Dolcetto
Size compared with tghe other Dolcetto Appelations from Piemonte
Is it the only dolcetto appellation in all Asti District?
Ageable or ready to drink?
The superiore, how long is aged?
Notes
100% of dolcetto
South of Montferrato
Smallest
The only dolcetto appellation in Asti District
Generally ready to drink
Superiore can age 12 months
**Red cherried, bitter almond finish**
240
Notes on **Malvasía di Casorzo d'Asti DOC**
Composition
Styles
Notes
I
**Sweet red**
90% Malvasía nera
10% Freisa, Grignolino, Barbera
Still drym spumante and passito
**pale ruby, roses, red fruits**
241
Descritpion of **Grignolino d'Asti DOC**
*Dolcetto is for Langhe what Grignolino is for....?* Why?
Minmum grignolino %
Notes
Montferrato (*since both are light, easy drinking for everyday, young, chill seerved*)
Must have min 90% grignolino (10% freisa)
**Very palle, floral, criusp, frutal, sry, light body, acidic, medium alcohol**
242
Description of **Asti DOCG**
General Characteristics
How much does it produce?
Which 2 DOCG does it have?
**Aromatic sweet wines made od moscato bianco grape**
50 millon of bottles per year (largest in Piemonte)
**ASTI DOCG**
**Moscato d'Asti DOCG**
243
Where is the production zone of **Asti DOCG**
S and SE of Asti.
right bank of the Tanaro River
244
How much do Canello and Asti coincetrate of the production of ASTI DOCG?
80%
245
How are the soils of Asti DOCG?
**Terre bianche**
Calcareous
The best for Moscato bianco
246
Asi DOCG overlapps which regions?
Barolo
Serralunga d'Alba
Barolo
247
Which are the altitudes permitted by the Asti DOCG *disciplinare* ?
And the training system? Harvest?
Hillsides 200 . 500 msnm
Guyot
Hand picked
248
Asti DOCG
Asti Spumante DOCG
Moscato d'Asti DOCG
Moscato d'Asti Vendemia Tardiva DOCG
Are dominated by artisan or by consorzios and cooperatives
By consorzios and cooperatives
249
Which are the cork requeriments for
ASTI Spumante DOCG
Moscato d'Asti DOCG
**Asti Spumante DOCG : **
mushroom cork not aged
**Moscato d'Asti DOCG:**
standard cork year indicated
250
Brief history of the **Asti spumante DOCG **
**1848**: Carlo García travels to Reims with the idea to make a **Moscato Champagne** through the traditional method but based on **Moscato Bianco Grapes**
**1930** **Asti spumente is created**They start doing it with the ***Martinotti method*** since it is cheaper, avoid leed aromas.
251
Organoleptic characteristics of the **Asti spumante**
Pale colour
Dense mousse
Sweet
Medium acidity
Orange blossom
Rose, acacia
Honey
**7% ABV**
252
I **Asti Method**
It is better for which grapes?
How it is?
Better for aromatic grapes
Single fermentation is stopped and restarted at certain points of the process
253
Is the **Asti spumante** conceived for aging?
No.
It must be consumend young
Because it has Gerianol, bad for aging
254
Alcohol contant and pressure of the **Asti spumante**
7 to 9.5%
5 to 6 atm
255
Is any Asti spumante made by the traditional method?
Yes
256
Since which yearthere are some **dry** Asti spumante?
2017
257
Definition of **Moscato d'Asti DOCG**
Vinification method
Refined sweet wine
Stopped single fermentation by Chilling
5 to 5.5 % ABV
258
Organoleptics of **Moscato d'Asti DOCG**
Peach
Apricot
Refined orange blossom
Citrus
Wisteria (glicina)
259
Differences between Asti Spumante and **Moscato d'Asti DOCG**
Moscato has:
More finesse
Aromas more pronounced
Lower alcohol (Asti 7% moscato 5%)
Less parkling 2.5 atm compared to the 5-6 at
260
Name the most important **Moscato d'Asti DOCG** subzones
Conelli
Santa Vitoria d'Alba
Strevi
261
Description of the **Moscato d'Asti Vendemia Tardiva DOCG**
Is is obtained by dry partially the grape after harvest
1 year minimum aging
262
Description of **Terre Alfieri DOCG**
It is between the Tanaro river and the Alfieri hills
Thre is a :
**Terre Alfieri Nebbiolo DOC**
**Terre Alfieri Arneis DOC**
263
What is the **Cisterna d'
Asti DOC**?
A light red wine based on a 80% of **Croatina**
264
Short description of **Colosso DOC**
Red wine made of **Gambarossa grape**
Is has **riserva** and **passito** (passará)
265
Descrption of **Loazzolo DOC**
Steep slopes on right bank of the Tanaro
Famous for its **passito wines** made with **moscato bianco** grapes bt **appassimento** méthod
It can be ripe, overripe, air dried of with botrytis
**6 months on oak barrels** aging
266
Short notes on
**Malvasía di Castelnovo Don Bosco DOC** and
**Albugnano DOC**
**Malvasía di Castelnovo Don Bosco DOC** (between Torino and Asti)
Red wines made of Malvasía di Schierano and Malvasía Nera Lunga
**Albugnano DOC** (NW of Asti)
Nebbiolo based reds (still, superiore, rosato)
267
Where can we found the **Barbera del Montferrato DOC and Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG**?
Places?
Soils¨?
Training?
Altitude gap?
in the more proocutive ranking?
In all the Asti province and part of Aleesandria.
Alto and Basso Montferrato
Casale Montferrato and Vignale Montferrat
Planted on low hills - 150-400 msnm
Soils: calcareous marls, sandstone, sand, clay
Together they are the 3rd Brbera appellation in Piemonte
268
Differences between the DOC and the DOCG?
DOC : still and frizzante
DOCG : superiore still red
269
**Barbera del Montferrato DOC and Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG** share same area with ?
Barbera d'Asti
270
How much of barbera need the **Barbera del Montferrato DOC and Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG**?
Min 85%
15% (freisa, grignolino, dolcetto)
271
Characteristics of Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG comapred to the Barbera del Montferrato DOC
**Barbera del Montferrato Superiore DOCG**
Lower yields More elegant
higher alcohol structured
higher extract levels velvet tannins
Min 14 months (6 oak) red fruits flowers
**Barbera del Montferratto DOC**
ligher staight forward
Everyday refreshing acidity
Sour red fruit
***No aging requeriment***
272
Notes on **Dolcetto di Ovada DOC** and **Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG**
Where are they located? How are those hills/soils?
Ranking amongst Dolcetto producers?
Aronud of Ovada (west of Gavi)
3rd amongst Dolcetto producers
Arid hills, poor soils
273
Description of **Dolcetto di Ovada Superiore DOCG**
**light, simple, early consumption**
100% dolcetto
Aging 12 months
Single vineyards: 20 months
Riserva: 24 months
274
Description **Dolcetto di Ovada DOC**
earthy, deep, complex
up to 3% of other varieties
no aging requeriment
275
Brief history of **Gavi DOCG**
972 AD first chronicles
XVII first documents on Cortese grapes
XX More people planted cortese
1980 Low Quality Hugh Yields High acidic
1990 REcovered
1998 DOCG
276
Which kind of geography does the **cortese grape** like?
Geographical location of GAVI DOCG
Altitude gap
Hills and valleys
SW of Alto Montferrato, Ligurian Apenines
150-450 msnm
277
Soils of GAVI DOCG
Climate of GAVI DOCG
Terre bianche and Terre Rosse
Climate **moderate continental** (cold winters / warm summers.
Cooler years:m lean and austere
Warm years: goo body
278
In **Gavi DOCG** in case of low sugar levels, can they enroch the must?
With what?
Yes
With MCR
279
How many MGA can we find in GAVI DOCG?
Which are the 2 best?
18 MGA
The best are Tassarolo and Gavi
280
GAVI DOCG styles
GAVI DOCG : 100% cortese
GAVI RISERVA: 1 year (6 months in bottle)
GAVI FRIZZANTE: riserva sparkling
**Best for young and fresh consumption**
281
**GAVI DOCG** organoleptics
Crispy acidity
Fresh citrus
Almond notes
Moderate alcohol
Underpinning minerality
282
Geographical location of **Colli Tortonesi DOC**
Relief
Best known varieties
Around Tortona
SE corner of Piemonte between Alto Montferrato ans Oltrepo'Pavese
**Gentle low hills**
Barbera, dolcetto and Cortese
283
Styles in **Colli Tortonesi DOC**
Rosso Bianco Frizzante Spumante Single vineyard
284
Zones inside **Colli Tortonesi DOC**
(North) **Monleale** barbera based - min 20 months 6 in oak
(South) **Terre di Libarna** timorasso based. Can de labelled as ***DERTHONA***
285
Notes on **Girgnolino del Montferrato Casalese DOC**
90% grignolino
10% freisa
Pale ruby Tannins high acidity
286
Description on **Dolcetto d'Aqui DOC**
100 % docletto
*light, soft, easy drinking*
Aroun Acquitherme on white calcareous marls
287
Notes on **Cortese dell'Alto Montferrato DOC**
85% Cortese
288
Which is the most common style in **Strevi DOC**?
Passito made with Moscato Bianco
289
Which grapes has a typical **Rubino di Cantavenna DOC**
And a **Gabbiano DOC**?
75-90% Barbera
25% freisa and grignolino
90% Barbera
5 - 10% Freisa
290
Description of the **Montferrato DOC**
Foundation year
For which grapes?
Name a typical light wine
1994
A large subregional appellation
Both **Native** (docletto, nebbiolo, freisa, barbera, cortese and favorita) and **International** (cabernet sauvignon, merlot, pinot nero, chardonnya and sauvignon blanc)
**It is a fallback appellation**
The CHIARETTO
291
Description of the **Piemonte DOC**
Foundation
1994
Borad fallback appellation
Flexible, national and international
292
What is the name **Vigneti di Montagna**
It is a specific designation of the wines inside Piemonte DOC for wines made at a minumum height of 500 msnm with a slope of min 30%
