Pictures

Question 1

What is Pruritis, Lesion, Rash?

Answer 1

• Pruritus: Itching
• Lesion: An area of altered skin
• Rash: An eruption

Question 2

What is a Comedone?

Answer 2

A plug in a sebaceous follicle containing altered sebum, bacteria and cellular debris; can present as either open (blackheads) or closed (whiteheads)

Question 3

What is this?

Answer 3

Naevus

Question 4

What is this?

Answer 4

Open Comedones

Question 5

What is this?

Answer 5

Closed Comedones

Question 6

What is this?

Answer 6

Target Lesions

• This examples is Erythema Multiforme

Question 7

What is this?

Answer 7

Annular (like or circle or ring)

• This example is Tinea Corporis

Question 8

What is this?

Answer 8

Discoid/Nummular Lesion

• Discoid Eczema

Question 9

What is this?

Answer 9

Erythema

• This example is Palmar Erythema

Question 10

What are Discrete, Confluent and Linear Lesions?

Answer 10

• Discrete: Individual lesions separated from each other
• Confluent: Lesions merging together
• Linear: In a line

Question 11

What is this?

Answer 11

Purpura: Red or purple colour (due to bleeding into the skin or mucous membrane) which does not blanch on pressure – petechiae (small pinpoint macules) and ecchymoses (larger bruise-like patches)

This example is Henoch-Schönlein purpura (palpable small vessel vasculitis)

Question 12

What is this?

Answer 12

Hypopigmentation

• This is Pityriasis Versicolor

Question 13

What is this?

Answer 13

De-pigmentation: white skin due to abscence of melanin

• This example is Vitiligo

Question 14

What is this?

Answer 14

Hyper-pigmentation: Darker skin which may be due to various causes (e.g. post- inflammatory, melasma, naevi)

• This example is Melasma (increased melanin pigmentation)

Question 15

What is this?

Answer 15

Macule: flat area of Altered colour

• This example is Freckles

Question 16

What is this?

Answer 16

Patch: Larger flat area of altered colour or texture

• This examples is Naevus flammeus / ‘port wine stain’ (v**ascular malformation)

Question 17

What is this?

Answer 17

Papule: solid raised lesion <0.5cm in diameter

• This example is Xanthomata

Question 18

What is this?

Answer 18

Nodule: solid raised lesions >0.5cm in diameter with deeper component

• This example is a Pyogenic Granuloma

Question 19

What is this?

Answer 19

Plaque: palpable scaling raising lesion >0.5 cm in diameter

• This example is Psoriasis

Question 20

What is this?

Answer 20

Vesicle: raised, clear fluid-filled lesion <0.5cm in diameter

• This example is Acute Hand Eczema (pompholyx)

Question 21

What is this?

Answer 21

Bulla (large blister): raised, clear fluid-filled lesion >0.5cm in diameter

• This example is a Reaction to insect bites

Question 22

What is this?

Answer 22

Pustule: pus-containing lesion <0.5cm in diameter

• This example is Acne

Question 23

What is this?

Answer 23

Abscess: Localised accumulation of pus in dermis or subcutaneous tissues

• This example is Periungual abscess

Question 24

What is this?

Answer 24

Wheal: Transient raised lesion due to dermal oedema

• This example is Urticaria

Question 25

What is a Boil/Furuncle and Carbuncle?

Answer 25

* **Boil/Furuncle:** Staphylococcal infection around or within a hair follicle * **Carbuncle:** Staphylococcal infection of adjacent hair follicles (multiple boils/furuncles)

Question 26

What is this?

Answer 26

Excoriation: Loss of epidermis following trauma

Question 27

What is this?

Answer 27

**Lichenification:** Well-defined roughening of skin with accentuation of skin markings

Question 28

What is this?

Answer 28

**Scales:** Flakes of stratum corneum * *This example is Psoriasis*

Question 29

What is this?

Answer 29

**Ulcer:** Loss of epidermis and dermis (heals with scarring) * *This example is Leg Ulcers*

Question 30

What is this?

Answer 30

**Crust:** Rough surface consisting of dried serum, blood, bacteria and cellular debris that has exuded through an eroded epidermis (e.g. from a burst blister) * *This example is Impetigo*

Question 31

What is this?

Answer 31

**Scar:** New fibrous tissue which occurs post-wound healing, and may be atrophic (thinning), hypertrophic (hyperproliferation within wound boundary), or keloidal (hyperproliferation beyond wound boundary) * *This example is Keloid Scars*

Question 32

What is this?

Answer 32

**Fissure:** An epidermal crack often due to excess dryness * Example is Eczema

Question 33

What is this?

Answer 33

**Striae:** Linear areas which progress from purple to pink to white, with the histopathological appearance of a scar (associated with excessive steroid usage and glucocorticoid production, growth spurts and pregnancy) * *This example is Striae*

Question 34

What is this?

Answer 34

**Alopecia:** Loss of Hair

Question 35

What is this?

Answer 35

**Hirsutism:** Androgen-dependent hair growth in a female

Question 36

What is this?

Answer 36

**Hypertrichosis:** on-androgen dependent pattern of excessive hair growth (e.g. in pigmented naevi)

Question 37

What is this?

Answer 37

**Clubbing:** Loss of angle between the posterior nail fold and nail plate (associations include suppurative lung disease, cyanotic heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease and idiopathic)

Question 38

What is this?

Answer 38

**Koilonychia:** Spoon-shaped depression of the nail plate (associations include iron-deficiency anaemia, congenital and idiopathic)

Question 39

What is this?

Answer 39

**Onchylosis:** separation of the distal end of the nail plate from nail bed (associations include trauma, psoriasis, fungal nail infection and hyperthyroidism)

Question 40

What is this?

Answer 40

**Pitting:** Punctate depressions of the nail plate (associations include psoriasis, eczema and alopecia areata)