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Year 4k: Dermatology > Medications > Flashcards

Medications Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are examples of Emollients?

A
  • Aqueous cream
  • Emulsifying ointment
  • Liquid paraffin
  • White soft paraffin in equal parts (50:50)

500 grams per tub

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2
Q

What are indications and side effects of emollients?

A
  • Indications
    • To rehydrate skin and re-establish the surface lipid layer
    • Useful for dry, scaling conditions and as soap substitutes
  • Side Effects: Reactions may be irritant or allergic (e.g. due to preservatives or perfume in creams)
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3
Q

What are examples of Topical/Oral Corticosteroids?

A

Topical steroids:

  • Mildly potent (e.g, hydrocortisone)
  • Moderately potent (e.g. clobetasone butyrate (Eumovate))
  • Potent (e.g.betamethasone valerate (Betnovate))
  • Very potent (e.g. clobetasol propionate (Dermovate))

Oral steroids: Prednisolone

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4
Q

What are indications of Topical/Oral corticosteroids?

A

Anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative effects

  • Useful for allergic and immune reactions, inflammatory skin conditions, blistering disorders, connective tissue diseases, and vasculitis
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5
Q

What are side effects of Topical/Oral corticosteroids?

A
  • Local side effects (from topical corticosteroids): Skin atrophy (thinning), Telangiectasia, Striae, May mask, cause or exacerbate skin infections, acne, or perioral dermatitis, and Allergic contact dermatitis.
  • Systemic side effects (from oral corticosteroids): Cushing’s syndrome, Immunosuppression, Hypertension, Diabetes, Osteoporosis, Cataract, and Steroid-induced psychosis
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6
Q

What is the indications for Oral Aciclovir?

A

Viral infections due to herpes simplex and herpes zoster virus

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7
Q

What are side effects of Oral Aciclovir?

A
  • Gastrointestinal upsets
  • Raised liver enzymes
  • Reversible neurological reactions
  • Haematological disorders
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8
Q

What are examples of Oral Antihistamines?

A
  • Non-sedative (e.g. cetirizine, loratadine)
  • Sedative antihistamines (e.g. chlorphenamine, hydroxyzine)
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9
Q

What are indications for oral antihistamines?

A
  • Block histamine receptors producing an anti-pruritic effect
  • Useful for type-1 hypersensitivity reactions and eczema (especially sedative antihistamines for children)
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10
Q

What are side effects of Oral Antihistamines?

A
  • ​Anticholinergic effects: Dry mouth, Blurred vision, Urinary retention, and Constipation
  • Sedative antihistamines: sedation
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11
Q

What are the examples in the Topical/Oral antibiotics?

A
  • Topical antibiotics: fusidic acid, mupirocin (Bactroban), neomycin
  • Oral antibiotics: penicillins, cephalosporins, gentamicin, macrolides, nitrofurantoin, quinolones, tetracyclines, vancomycin, metronidazole, trimethoprim

Useful for bacterial skin infections, and some are used for acne

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12
Q

What are the side effects for Topical/Oral Antibiotics?

A
  • Local side effects (from topical antibiotics): local skin irritation/allergy
  • Systemic side effects (from oral antibiotics): Gastrointestinal upset, Rashes, Anaphylaxis, Vaginal candidiasis, Antibiotic-associated infection such as Clostridium difficile, and Antibiotic resistance (rapidly appears to fusidic acid)
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13
Q

What are examples of Topical Antiseptics?

A
  • Chlorhexidine
  • Cetrimide
  • Povidone-iodine
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14
Q

What are indications and side effects of Topical Antiseptics?

A
  • Indications: Treatment and prevention of skin infection
  • Local side effects: local skin irritation/allergy
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15
Q

What are examples of Oral Retinoids?

A
  • Isotretinoin
  • Acitretin
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16
Q

What are indications of Oral Retinoids?

A
  • Acne
  • Psoriasis
  • Disorders of keratinisation
17
Q

What are side effects of Oral Retinoids?

A
  • Mucocutaneous reactions: Dry skin, dry lips and dry eyes, disordered liver function, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, myalgia, arthralgia and depression
  • Teratogenicity: Effective contraception must be practised one month before, during and at least one month after isotretinoin, but for two years after Acitretin.
18
Q

What are examples of Biological Therapy?

A
  • Monoclonal antibodies (eg. Infliximab, Adalimumab, Ustekinumab, Certolizumab, Gorlilumab)
  • Fusion antibody proteins (eg. Etanercept)
  • Recombinant human cytokines and growth factors (eg. Interleukins)
19
Q

What are indications of Biological Therapy?

A

Mainly for

  • Psoriasis
  • Atopic dermatitis
  • Hidradenitis suppurativa
20
Q

What are side effects of Biological Therapy?

A
  • Local side effects: redness, swelling, bruising at the site of injection
  • Systemic side effects: allergic reactions, antibody formation, flu-like symptoms, infections, hepatitis, demyelinating disease, heart failure, blood problems, rare reports of cancers (eg. non-melanoma skin cancers, lymphoma)

Year 4k: Dermatology (9 decks)

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