Pictures Flashcards
Which type of blood vessel is shown here?
Elastic artery
note all of the elastin!
THis could be the aorta or common carotid or brachiocephalic trunk or something!
What is this vessel called?
muscular artery
note the internal & external elastic lamina that contain elastin…
this could be a brachial artery or radial artery etc.
What is this?
the one-way valve of the vein
this prevents backflow!
What is shown here?
hyaline arteriolosclerosis
seen in benign essential HTN
Eosinophilic deposition around the arterioles in the kidney. Kidney would look blown up. Kidney would have a rough outer surface b/c of the hyaline arteriosclerosis.
What is shown here?
hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis
seen in malignant HTN
proliferation of smooth muscle cells in the kidney & their media
on gross–hemorrhages seen along edges of kidney
Describe the process illustrated in this picture.
Due to risk factors endothelial injury & dysfunction has occurred.
We are now in a chronic inflammatory state w/ T cells & monocytes/macrophages being recruited to save the day.
Smooth muscle cell precursors are also recruited.
Additionally, there is a migration of smooth muscle cells from the media thru the internal elastic membrane.
ECM is made in the intima alongside the increase in SMC in the intima.
LDL makes its way into the cell b/c of the endothelial cell weakening…& is oxidized (increase in oxygen free radicals with all the lipids).
Oxidized LDL is eaten up by macrophages, turning them into foam cells.
This causes an increase in growth factor, cytokines, chemokines, recruitment etc.
What does this picture show?
atherosclerosis
What does this pic show?
atherosclerosis
A & B: fatty streaks & atheromas make these aortas crunchy like butterfingers
B: is an advanced atheroma–so it includes hemorrhages.
What is shown in this histo slide?
This shows an MI 1-2 days after the infarct.
there is coagulative necrosis of the myocardium
it is difficult to see the striations & the intercalated discs
looks like wavy fibers (b/c of the tension b/w the good fibers & bad fibers)
What is shown in this histo slide?
this is 3-4 days after the MI
you can see recruitment of the inflammatory cells
healing is beginning
What is shown in this histo slide?
1-2 weeks after the MI
this is granulation tissue
macrophages are eating up the dead tissue (myocytes)
What is shown in this histo slide?
this is long after the MI
fibrosis has occurred
What is shown in this pic?
occlusive thrombus
What is shown in this pic?
severe atherosclerosis of the left main branch of the heart
What is shown in this pic?
occlusive atherosclerosis with thrombus
Which type of hypertrophy is shown here?
pressure overload hypertrophy
ventricles have the same chamber size, but much greater ventricular wall thickness.
In fact…concentric increase in wall thickness
What type of hypertrophy is shown here?
volume overload hypertrophy
dilated ventricles from all the fluid
less of an increase in the thickness of the ventricular wall
Which type of heart valve is seen here?
atrioventricular valves
note the chordae tendinae connecting to the papillary muscles
also called leaflets
What type of valves are these?
semilunar valves
note the cusps
What is shown here?
lined by endothelium
connected to myocardium
fibroelastic tissue present
What is shown here?
aortic valve
but it’s calcified!
form of valvular heart disease, due to normal wear & tear
What is shown here?
aortic valve that is calcificed
valvular heart disease
mechanism: Valves have “osteoblast like cells” that cause the deposition of calcium. Ca++ is made inside the fibroelastic tissue of the valve.
What does this pic show?
acute rheumatic disease
What does this pic show?
chronic rheumatic disease
What does this pic show?
Aschoff body
Aschoff looks like granulomatous reaction. Surrounds a blood vessel. Inflammatory reaction—macrophages w/ prominent nucleoli—bodies.
What does this pic show?
Aschoff body
Aschoff looks like granulomatous reaction. Surrounds a blood vessel. Inflammatory reaction—macrophages w/ prominent nucleoli—bodies.
What does this pic show?
endocarditis
What does this pic show?
histo slide of endocarditis
What is shown in this pic?
endocarditis
What is shown in this pic?
endocarditis
What is wrong with this heart?
dilated cardiomyopathy
What is wrong with this heart?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What does this histo show?
cardiomyopathy
What does this histo show?
amyloidosis
this could be restrictive cardiomyopathy
What does this show?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
What is shown here?
myocarditis
What does this pic show?
histo of myocarditis
What is this?
myxoma, a cardiac tumor
most common primary tumor in adults
benign
What is seen here?
rhabdomyoma
most common primary tumor in children
associated with tuberous sclerosis
What is shown here?
abdominal aortic aneurysm
What is shown here?
aortic dissection
see the separation & the blood
What is shown here?
aortic dissection
see the double lumen
What is shown here?
aortic dissection caused by a Marfan aortic arch
What is shown here?
aortic dissection
see, there’s blood
What is shown here?
C-ANCA aka PR3-ANCA
found in the cytoplasm of the neutrophils
Also…P-ANCA aka MPO-ANCA
found perinuclearly in the neutrophils, lysosomal
What is shown here?
granulomatous inflammation with giant cells
giant cell arteritis
thick intima causes a decrease in lumen size
What is shown here?
giant cell arteritis
notice the thick intima with the decreased lumen size.
internal elastic lamina is fragmented as a part of this arteritis as well
What is shown here?
Takayasu Arteritis
narrow vessels
thickened, hard intima
granulomatous inflammation, including giant cells
What is shown in this pic?
polyarteritis nodosa
medium sized blood vessel
see some fibrosis perhaps & some inflammation
What is this condition?
see the strawberry tongue & the oral erythema & erosion
desquamative rash
Kawasaki Disease–affects medium sized vessels
Which condition is shown in this histo?
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
very pink b/c of the eosinophilia
Remember: Churg Strauss=PAN or microscopic polyangitis + eosinophils + granulomas
What is shown here?
Wegener Granulomatosis
remember: like PAN + respiratory involvement. Granulomas.
small vessel vasculitis
What is shown in this histo?
thromboangitis obliterans
What is shown here?
hemangioma
note all the blood vessels filled with blood
What is shown here?
lymphangioma
dilated lymphatic channels
What is this?
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
WHat’s this?
angiosarcoma
malignant endothelial neoplasm
What is shown here?
Early After Depolarization
arrhythmia of impulse formation, of the atrial/ventricular myocardium
caused by increased activity of Na+ channels
can lead to Prolonged QT interval & Torsades de Point/Ventricular Tachycardia
What is shown here?
Delayed After Depolarization
Caused by too much Ca++ in SR, released, goes thru Na+/Ca++ exchanger & allows sodium into the cell, depolarizing it.
What is this?
premature ventricular contraction
a result of a decrease in conduction velocity with reentry
a single impulse originates at the RV
What is this?
Ventricular Tachycardia
multiple impulses originate from the ventricular pacemaker
an arrhythmia involving slowed conduction velocity w/ reentry
What is this?
ventricular fibrillation
chaotic ventricular depolarization
an arrhythmia from slowed conduction velocity w/ reentry
What is this?
atrial flutter
impulse travel in a circular course in the atria
What is this?
atrial fibrillation
impulses have chaotic random pathways in the atria
arrhythmia involving slowed conduction velocity w/ reentry
What is this?
junctional rhythm
caused b/c the pacemaker has become the AV node.
the p wave is after the QRS b/c of the direction impulses travel
this is an arrhythmia involving impulse formation, b/c of an ectopic conducting system
