pics Flashcards
Cutaneous tag
Benign elevated piece of normal skin, may be hyper- keratotic or hyperpigmented
Histiocytoma
Benign ‘Button tumor’ common in young dogs
Trichoepithelioma
Solid or cystic skin lesion filled with caseous material
Squamous cell carcinoma
Common to see in white cats’ pinnae and nose, usual-
ly curable with wide excision, sun protection advised
Calcinosis circumscripta
Chalky or granular lesions; toothpaste-like consis- tency - skin and tongue lesions in young large breed dogs
Hemangioma
Well-circumscribed blood-filled channels, often con-
fused with melanomas
Osteochondrosis dissecans (OCD) > degenerative joint disease (DJD)
With both conditions you will see loss of cartilage with eburnation and osteophyte formation in both. DJD is seen in older dogs while OCD is seen in young animals
Skull hemorrhage in birds Bird Common post-mortem finding in birds; do not con-
fuse this with traumatic hemorrhage
Physeal dysplasia with slipped capital epiphysis Seen in young overweight male cats
Uremic mineralization of pleura
Common uremic change, not to be confused with
carcinomatosis
Carcinomatosis
Pleural manifestation of carcinomas from various sites (mammary gland, lung, prostate, etc). Firm tan plaques and nodules = carcinoma cells & desmoplas- tic (fibroplasia) response
FIP (pleural)
Feline Infectious Peritonitis affecting the pleura in
cats
Nasal carcinoma vs fungal rhinitis
Widened dorsal membrane of trachea
Common in chondrodystrophic dog breeds, known
as ‘collapsing trachea’
Tracheal foam
Common post-mortem finding. Some foam is normal,
but excessive foam indicates pulmonary edema
Normal lung
Apical emphysema / overinflation
Post-mortem finding in cats with no clinical signifi- cance - note red lines on caudal lung lobes (rib im- pressions secondary to ascites)
Subpleural macrophage foci
Common finding in cats, rats, and ferrets. Foci are more apparent when there is pulmonary edema. Eti- ology is unknown. No clinical significance.
Anterior mediastinal hemorrhage
Associated with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxica-
tion
Lung lobe torsion
Chronic bronchitis/bronchiolitis with atelectasis Lesions seen with chronic feline asthma
Metastatic carcinoma
common with carcinomas from many sites
Hemangiosarcoma
one of the most common causes of death from neo- plasia in the dog. Many animals die from acute hemo- pericardium or hypovolemic shock associated with hemoabdomen
Hemangiosarcoma
Right atrial Hemangiosarcoma specific location for HSA
Pulmonary artery thrombus
Lesion causing dyspnea and death. Commonly
missed lesion post-mortem
Euthanasia artifact
Post-mortem brown discoloration & brown/gold gran- ular precipitates on endocardium, which can extend to epicardium. With excessive euthanasia fluid, you can see discoloration of lungs and liver
Euthanasia artifact
Post-mortem brown discoloration & brown/gold gran- ular precipitates on endocardium, which can extend to epicardium. With excessive euthanasia fluid, you can see discoloration of lungs and liver
Idiopathic epicarditis
Usually seen on right ventricle. Due to acute to chron-
ic inflammatory changes
Chicken fat clot
Smooth fibrin clot easily removed post-mortem, not a thrombus (fibrin clots tend to stick to the endotheli- um)
Epicardial hemorrhage
Common non-specific finding - can also be seen with
coagulopathies and vasculitis
Feline cardiomegaly cat
Large heart with left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial dilation/enlargement. Ddx: thyrotoxic car- diomegaly and cardiomyopathy (HCM & RCM aka LV endocardial fibrosis
cat
Feline cardiomegaly
Large heart with left ventricular hypertrophy and left atrial dilation/enlargement. Ddx: thyrotoxic car- diomegaly and cardiomyopathy (HCM & RCM aka LV endocardial fibrosis
Endomyocarditis
Endomyocarditis
Saddle thromboembolus
Common sequela to feline cardiac disease
Endocardiosis
Very common old age change in dogs. May be asso- ciated with valvular insufficiency, eccentric hypertro- phy and dilation of ventricle, and focal endocardial fibrosis of atrium (jet lesion). Later may have ruptured chordae tendonae with acute decompensation
Endocardiosis with ruptured chordae tendinae and atrial tear and atrial thrombus
Vegetative endocarditis
Warty valve proliferations on valve containing fibrin, inflammatory cells, and bacteria. Often associated with septic emboli to kidneys and elsewhere.
Vegetative endocarditis
Warty valve proliferations on valve containing fibrin, inflammatory cells, and bacteria. Often associated with septic emboli to kidneys and elsewhere.
Vegetative endocarditis
Warty valve proliferations on valve containing fibrin, inflammatory cells, and bacteria. Often associated with septic emboli to kidneys and elsewhere.
Uremic endocarditis
Epulis & gingival hyperplasia
Epulis - common oral lesion in old dogs; benign ex-
cept acanthomatous variety
Gingival hyperplasia - very common in dogs; no clin- ical significance
Uremic ulceration of tongue
Bilateral on ventral surface of tongue
Malignant melanoma
Oral;, often metastasizes widely
Oral squamous cell carcinoma
Common in cats; may metastasize to regional LNs
and lung
Dilated ducts of esophageal submucosal glands Common old age change in dogs. No clinical signifi-
cance
- Persistant right aortic arch with esophageal obstruc- tion and megaesophagus in dogs
Duodenal ulcer
Uncommon but usually associated with cutaneous mast cell tumor
Parvoviral enteritis cat Hemorrhagic enteritis (panleukopenia)
Parvoviral enteritis
Hemorrhagic enteritis (panleukopenia)
Parvoviral enteritis dog Hemorrhagic enteritis with “punched out” peyers
patches
Normal cecal lymphoid follicles
ntussusception (Agonal)
Smooth-walled, no discoloration, easily reduced
Carcinomatosis (abdominal)
Feline infectious peritonitis
Abdominal effusion with fibrin plaques on serosal
surfaces
Feline infectious peritonitis
Abdominal effusion with fibrin plaques on serosal
surfaces
Steatosis (hepatic lipidosis)
Fatty liver associated with all fish diets, now rare
(thankfully)
Pacinian corpuscle (cats)
Pressure receptor in cats’ mesocolon, pancreas, skin. Normal pressure receptors
- Necrotic fat
Gold-tan nodules, smooth, often pedunculated
serrated liver edges = normal liver variation in dogs
tension lipidosis
Tension by fascial connections cause fatty change in
hepatocytes
Peliosis hepatis/Telangiectasia (cats) cat
Dilation of sinusoids. Unknown etiology. No clinical significance
Chronic passive congestion (“nutmeg liver”) Nutmeg liver pattern due to chronic right-sided heart
failure
- Diffuse fatty change
Physiological in starvation. Pathological in diabetes
mellitus or toxins
Steroid hepatopathy
Enlarged yellow-orange liver due to hyperadrenocor-
ticism or corticosteroid administration
Granulomatous hepatitis (due to Mycobacterial species)
Common in birds and fish
Nodular hyperplasia
Very very common old age change in dogs. Important
to recognize and not confuse with neoplastic change
Nodular hyperplasia
Very very common old age change in dogs. Important
to recognize and not confuse with neoplastic change
Cystic mucosal hyperplasia (gall bladder) Common old age change in dog
Biliary cystadenoma
Peripheral lobe gall bladder cyst in old cats, easily excised
Nodular acinar hyperplasia
Common in dogs and cats, clinically insignificant
Pancreatic necrosis and pancreatic fat necrosis
Release of enzymes causes enzymatic fat necrosis and saponification
Tonsilar lymphosarcoma
Cranial mediastinal lymphosarcoma Differentiate from thymoma
Siderofibrotic plaques
Etiology unknown Commonly seen in dogs. Fibrous
connective tissue, mineral, and blood pigments
Nodular hyperplasia of spleen
Very common in dogs. Most common splenic “tu-
mor”. May be white pulp, red pulp, both, or myeloid
Lymphosarcoma (spleen) DDX: leukemia or MCT
Diffuse enlargement of spleen with pink discol- oration.
Splenic infarcts
Common. Seen on the periphery, well demarkated. Of- ten associated with splenic vein thrombi, lymphosar- coma, and other conditions
Hemangiosarcoma
Look for foci in mesentery, liver, lungs, right heart,
and brain
Hemangiosarcoma
Herpes virus
Causes multifocal renal necrosis and hemorrhage in
puppies
Renal dysplasia
Young dogs with renal failure due to abnormal kidney
development
- Renal dysplasia
Young dogs with renal failure due to abnormal kidney
development
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis
Very common in old cats and dogs. Can also some- times see tubular cysts & hydronephrosis
Chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis & tubular cysts & hydronephrosis
Very common in old cats and dogs.
Polar ‘infarcts’
Common lesion in cats. Poles of kidney have shrunk or disappeared. Fibrosis and tubular loss due to pyelonephritis vs infarcts
Hydronephrosis
secondary to obstruction (calculi, neoplasia,
prostatomegaly)
Renal infarct
Glomerulonephritis vs amyloid
in this case it was glomerulonephritis associated with
lyme nephritis
Lymphosarcoma
May be difficult to differentiate from nephritis due to FIP
Nephritis due to FIP
Nephritis due to FIP
Calculi in urinary bladder & urethra
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia uterus Predisposes to pyometra
Follicular cysts of ovary
Common in intact females. Often associated with cys- tic endometrial hyperplasia
Prostatic hypertrophy/hyperplasia Common in old intact male dogs
Interstitial cell/Leydig cell tumor
Most common testicular tumor. Benign.
Sertoli cell tumor
Firm, fibrous testicular tumor. Often functional, lead- ing to atrophy of contralateral testis and feminization. The majority are benign.
Sertoli cell tumor
Firm, fibrous testicular tumor. Often functional, lead- ing to atrophy of contralateral testis and feminization. The majority are benign.
Seminoma
Soft white bulging. Majority are benign
Seminoma
Soft white bulging. Majority are benign
Bilateral parathyroid hyperplasia
Secondary to Ca/P imbalance associated with chron-
ic renal failure or improper diet
Bilateral parathyroid hyperplasia
Secondary to Ca/P imbalance associated with chron-
ic renal failure or improper diet
“Keyhole” foramen magnum
Common in toy and miniature breeds, no clinical sig-
nificance
Leptomeningeal fibrosis
White firm plaques in sulci, common in old age change
Pituitary tumor
May be functional and/or compress the brain
Poor fixation
Thickly cut collected sections due to insufficient for- malin
