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FB2 Microbiology- Viruses > Picornaviruses > Flashcards

Picornaviruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Picornaviruses General Characteristics (3)

A

Small
Non-enveloped
ssRNA

Pico = small
rna = RNA
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2
Q

Picornaviruses Two Main Groups

A

1- RHINOVIRUSES —> Replicate only in Respiratory tract —> Common cold

2- ENTEROVIRUSES —> Replicate in GI tract and/or Respiratory tract

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3
Q

Rhinovirus Characteristic

A

Most common cause of COMMON COLD

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4
Q

Rhinovirus Clinical Manifestations (8)

A 
Fever
Sore throat
Runny nose and Nasal congestion
Sneezing 
Cough

Sometimes accompanied by:
1- Fatigue, muscle aches, muscle weakness
2- Headache
3- Loss of appetite

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5
Q

Vaccine and Antiviral?

A

Antiviral —> PLECONARIL

Vaccine—> NO

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6
Q

Enteroviruses Groups (5)

A

1- Polioviruses

2- Coxsackie A and B

3- Echoviruses

4- Enteroviruses (subtype 68-71)

5- Hepatitis A virus

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7
Q

Can Enteroviruses spread other than fecal-oral route??

A

YES

Eyes, nose, mouth secretions (e.g. saliva, nasal mucus, or sputum), or blister fluid

Remember- they are in the respiratory tract also!!

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8
Q

Enteroviruses comparison (7)

A

Asymptomatic infection? All

Meningitis? All

Paralysis? No- Enteroviruses (other)

Febrile Exanthema? No- Poliovirus

Acute Respiratory Disease? No- Poliovirus

Myocarditis? No- Poliovirus and Enteroviruses (other)

Orchitis? No- Poliovirus, Coxsackie A, Enteroviruses (other)

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9
Q

Enteroviruses- Skin (1)

A

Coxsackievirus A

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10
Q

Enteroviruses- Muscles (3)

A

Echovirus

Coxsackie A and B

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11
Q

Enteroviruses- Brain/spinal cord (3)

A

Poliovirus

Coxsackie A and B

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12
Q

Enteroviruses- Meninges (4)

A

Poliovirus

Echoviruses

Coxsackie A and B

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13
Q

Asymptomatic Polio Infection (3)

A

When replication of virus restricted to GI tract

Most common

Results in life-long immunity

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14
Q

Abortive poliomyelitis (Mild Illness) (3)

A

Occurs in infants in undeveloped nations, where poor sanitation

Patient exhibit febrile disease in first week which may be accompanied by general malaise, vomiting, headache, and sore throat

5% of cases

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15
Q

Non-paralytic Poliomyelitis (3)

A

Three or four days later, patient exhibits stiff neck and vomiting —> similar to aseptic meningitis

Virus now progressed to brain and affected meninges

Recovery in 1 week

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16
Q

Paralytic Poliomyelitis (2)

A

About 4 days, virus spread from blood to anterior horn cells of spinal cord and to motor cortex of brain

Degree of paralysis depends on which neurons affected and amount of damage they sustain

17
Q

Types of Paralysis (3)

A

1- Spinal Paralysis (affects spine) —> One or both limbs may be affected leading to Flaccid paralysis

2- Bulbar Paralysis (affects brain stem) —> Cranial nerves affected leading to muscle paralysis of tongue, lips, palate, pharynx, and larynx

3- Bulbospinal paralysis (affects spine and brain stem)

18
Q

Poliovirus vaccines

A

1- Inactivated vaccine (Salk)
- Injection

2- Live attenuated vaccine (Sabin)
- Oral

19
Q

Enteroviruses Meningitis (4)

A

Most COMMON type of viral meningitis

Coxsackie A + B and Echoviruses

Summer months

No vaccine- most patients recover on their own

20
Q

Another name for Viral Meningitis

A

Aseptic Meningitis

21
Q

What is the most common cause of Myocarditis?

A

Viral infections

22
Q

Which Enteroviruses cause Carditis?

A

Coxsackie A+B and Echoviruses

23
Q

Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (4)

A

Caused by Coxsackie A and Echoviruses

Common and highly contagious self-limiting viral infection

Mainly affects infants and children

Begins with Fever followed by Maculopapular Rash that may involve skin of hands, feet, and oral cavity (goes away in a week)

24
Q

Herpangina (4)

A

Mouth blisters

In summer, mostly affects children

Mild, self-limiting

Coxsackie A, Coxsackie B, Echoviruses

25
Q

Treatment (3)

A

Antibody preparations resulted in stabilization of conditions

PLECONARIL is an ANTIVIRAL DRUG active against ENTEROVIRUSES and RHINOVIRUS

NO VACCINE to prevent ENTEROVIRUSES infections (apart from POLIOVIRUS)

FB2 Microbiology- Viruses (5 decks)

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