PIAGET'S THEORY Flashcards
the term cognition comes from the latin word _____ whihc means to know, to recignise, or to conceptualise
cognoscere
it is the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, and the senses
cognition
it is the emergence of the ability to think and understand
cognitive development
it is the acquisition of the ability to think, reason, and problem solve
cognitive development
it is the process by which people’s thinking changes across the life span
cognitive development
he studied cognitive development by observing _____ in particular, to examine how their thought processes changed with age
children
it is the growing _________ and _______ to the physical and social environment
apprehension and adaptation
cognitive development is ___ and ____ changes by which mental process become more complex and sophisticated
gradual and orderly changes
the essential development of cognition is the establishment of new ______
new schemes
__________ and __________ are both the processes of the ways of cognitive development
assimilation and accommodation
the ____________ is the symbol of a NEW STAGE of the cognitive development
equilibration
this an INTERNAL REPRESENTATION of the world.
schema
they are cognitive structures that REPRESENT A CERTAIN ASPECT OF THE WORLD, and can be seen as categories which have certain PRE-CONCEIVED IDEAS IN THEM
schema
it is USING AN EXISTING SCHEMA to deal with a new object or situation
Assimilation
the learner fits the new idea into what he already knows.
assimilation
here, the schema is not changes, only modified
assimilation
this happens when the existing schema does not work and needs to be changed to deal with a new object or situation
accommodation
the schema is altered; new schema may be developed
accommodation
he believed that cognitive development did not progress at a steady rate, but rather in leaps and bounds
equilibration
this occurs when a child’s schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation
equilibration
as a child progress through the stages of cognitive development, it is important to maintain the balance between applying previous knowledge and changing behavior to account for new knowledge
equilibration
what are the four stages of development
- sensorimotor
- preoperational
- concrete operational
- formal operational
this helps explain how children are able to move from one stage of thought to the next
equilibrium
this stage is the development of Objective Permanence (memory)
Sensorimotor stage
in this stage of development, infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences and motor actions
sensorimotor stage
in this stage, infants progress from reflexive, instinctual actions at birth to the beginning of problem solving and symbolic abilities toward the end of the stage
sensorimotor stage
this is where they realize that objects exist even if they are out of sight
object permanence
this stage is for birth to 2 years old or the infancy
sensorimotor stage
the child is more capable of more complex mental representations compared to the previous stage
preoperational stage
this stage is for 2-7 years old or the toddler and early childhood
preoperational stage
this period of DEVELOPING LAGUAGE AND CONCEPTS
preoperational stage
this stage begins when the child starts to USE SYMBOLS AND LANGUAGE
preoperational stage
preoperational stage is divided into 2 sub-stages which are:
preconceptual stage and intuitive stage
this substage of preoperational stage is the INCREASED USE OF VERBAL REPRESENTATION but the SPEECH IS EGOCENTRIC.
preconceptual stage
this substage of preoperational stage is SPEECH BECOMES MORE SOCIAL, LESS EGOCENTRIC.
intuitive stage
this substage of preoperational stage is where the child USES SYMBOLS TO STAND FOR ACTIONS
preconceptual stage
what are the key features of the preoperational stage
- egocentrism
- animism
- concentration
this substage of preoperational stage is where the child base their knowledge on WHAT THEY FEEL OR SENSE TO BE TRUE, yet they cannot explain the underlying principles behind what they feel or sense
intuitive stage
the process of concentrating on one limited aspect of a stimulus and ignoring the other aspects and it is noticed in conservation
concentration
the child’s thought and communications are typically egocentric
egocentrism
the egocentrism is well explained by Piaget as _____
three mountain task
treating inanimate objects as living ones
animism
is the knowledge that quantity is unrelated to the arrangement and physical appearance of objects. children of this age (2-7) are unaware of this.
conservation
this stage is for 7 to 12 years old or childhood and early adolescence
concrete operational stage
this stage is characterized by the APPROPRIATE USE OF LOGIC
concrete operational stage
what are the 8 important processes during the concrete operational stage:
- seriation
- transitivity
- classification
- decentering
- reversibility
- conservation
- elimination of egocentrism
- performs operation
in this concrete operational stage is the ABILITY TO SORT THINGS OR OBJECTS in an order according to size, shape, or any other characteristics
seriation
in this concrete operational stage is the ABILITY TO RECOGNIZE LOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS among elements in a serial order
transitivity
in this concrete operational stage is the ABILITY TO GROUP OBJECTS together on the basis of common features
classification
in this concrete operational stage is the ABILITY TO TAKE MULTIPLE ASPECTS of a situation into account
decentring
in this concrete operational stage is the child understands that NUMBERS OR OBJECTS CAN BE CHANGED, THEN RETURNED TO ORIGINAL STATE
reversibility
in this concrete operational stage is the UNDERSTANDING THAT THE QUANTITY, LENGTH OR NUMBER OF ITEMS IS unrelated to the arrangement or appearance of the object or item
conservation
in this concrete operational stage is the ABILITY TO VIEW THINGS FROM ANOTHER’S PERSPECTIVE
elimination of egocentrism
in this concrete operational stage is the child performs combining, separating, multiplying, repeating, dividing etc.
performs operations
the stage where the thought becomes increasinngly FLEXIBLE and ABSTRACT
formal operational stage
the stage where the ability to systematically solve a problem in LOGICAL AND METHODOLOGICAL WAY
formal operational stage
the stage that understands that nothing is absolute; everything is relative
formal operational stage
the stage that the rules of any game or social system are developed by a man by mutual agreement and hance could be changed or modified.
formal operational stage
the stage that the child’s way of thinking is at its MOST ADVANCED, although the knowledge it has to work with, will change
formal operational stage
