Phytonutrients

Question 1

1. 2 Actions of Catechins

Answer 1

1. Neurological- inhibit MAO Enzyme (break down serotonin and dopamine)
   Anti Inflam: Strong antioxidant, Anti-Histamine, Inhib lox/cox

Question 2

2. Source of Catechin

Answer 2

2. Green tea

Question 3

3. 2 Actions of Quercetin

Answer 3

3. Gout- inhibits xanthine oxidase which breaks purines down into uric acid
   Cardiovascular
   Anti- Cancer

Question 4

4. 2 sources of quercetin

Answer 4

4. Red onion, red apple

Question 5

5. 2 Actions of Naringin

Answer 5

5. Cardiovascular, Diabetes (inhibits aldose reductase which directs glucose into pathways producing inflammation)

Question 6

6. What enzyme activity is associated with diabetes and Naringin?

Answer 6

6. Aldose reductase

Question 7

7. Source of Naringin

Answer 7

7. Grapefruit

Question 8

8. Why may you have to be careful using grapefruit as a therapeutic action

Answer 8

8. Inhibts CYP3A4 which is pathway used by many pharmaceutical drugs

Question 9

9. 2 Therapeutic Aims of Isoflavanoids?

Answer 9

9. Oestrogen mimicking- antagonist when needed and mimicking in others
   BMD- increase BMD or slow BM loss

Question 10

10. Source of Isoflavanoid?

Answer 10

10. Soy

Question 11

11. What should you consider when using Soy?

Answer 11

11. Gut health- soy bean bound to sugar molecule. Requires digestion and fermentation to break this bond

Question 12

12. Therapeutic use of lignans?

Answer 12

12. Oestrogen activity, ant cancer esp oestrogen dominant ones. Reduces 5 a reductase- reduced conversion of Test. To DHT

Question 13

13. Source of Lignans? Theraputic Dose?

Answer 13

13. Milled flaxeed, 2tbsp/day

Question 14

14. Source of Proanthocyanidins?

Answer 14

14. Grapes, blueberries, elderberries

Question 15

15. Therapeutic use of Proanthocyanidins

Answer 15

15. Neurological- reduces B-amyloid aggregation, reduces alzheimers. Neuroprotectve.
    Cardiovascular- improve capiliary integrity, NO, Reduce LDL cholesterol
    Immune

Question 16

16. Source of Anthocyanins?

Answer 16

16. Blueberries, Cherry

Question 17

17. Therpeutic use of Anthocyanins

Answer 17

17. Cardiovascular
    Diabetes – increases insulin sensitivity and upregulates GLUT4 expression
    Neurological - neuroprotective

Question 18

18. What pathway may anthocyanins inhibit?

Answer 18

18. BRCP mediated transport- increasing biovailablity of anticancer meds and antihypertensive drugs

Question 19

19. Source of Reveratrol

Answer 19

19. Red grapes, blueberries, rasperries

Question 20

20. Therapeutic use of Reveratrol?

Answer 20

20. Oestrogen

Insulin sensitivity

Question 21

21. Difference between sterol and stanol?

Answer 21

21. Sterol: double bond in sterol ring

Stanol: lack double bond in sterol ring

Question 22

22. Therapeutic use of Phytosterol

Answer 22

22. Cardiovascular- increase instesinal clearance of cholesterol
    Prostate health- inhibits 5 alpha-reductase

Question 23

23. Source of phytosterol?

Answer 23

23. Nuts and seeds

Question 24

24. Therapeutic use of ITCS?

Answer 24

24. Liver detoxification- phase 2

Anti- Cancer

Question 25

25. Source of ITCS?

Answer 25

25. Brassicas

Question 26

26. What may you have to consider with using ITCs?

Answer 26

26. Glucosinolates degrade to goitrogens which decrease thyroid uptake of iodine.

Question 27

27. What enzyme does ITCs influence?

Answer 27

27. Glutathione – S- Transferase: phase 2 enzymes which detoxify carcinogens

Question 28

1. Therapeutic use of I3C?

Answer 28

28. Oestrogen modulation: Selectively binds to oestrogen receptors, influences conversion of oestrodiol to less potent form
    CIN: Modulates important risk factors for CIN, Anti-inflamm
    Breast and Prostate cancer

Question 29

29. Source of I3C?

Answer 29

29. Brassica

Question 30

30. What does I3C form in stomach?

Answer 30

30. DIM

Question 31

31. Therapeutic use of Leutin

Answer 31

31. Eye Health- protect retina from oxidative stress, promote efficient neuronal signalling, reduces inflammation

Question 32

32. Source of Leutin

Answer 32

32. Yellow/Orange vegetables

Question 33

33. Therapeutic Use of Lycopene

Answer 33

33. Ant-Cancer: Powerful antiox, influences gene expression, reduces inflammation
    Prostate health: inhibits progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia
    Cardiovascular

Question 34

34. Sources of Lycopene

Answer 34

Tomatoes (tomato paste 75mg, Tomatoe: 4.6mg)

Question 35

35. Recommended intake Lycopene

Answer 35

35. Recommended intake- 8-22mg /day

Question 36

36. Discuss 2 ways in which Naringin use for Diabetes

Answer 36

36. Inhibit aldose reductase (directs glucose into pathways which cause inflammation) upregulate GLUT4, increase insulin sensitivity

Question 37

37. Discuss I3C use for Oestrogen dominance

Answer 37

37. Selectively bind to oestrogen receptors and act as an antagonist, influence liver enzymes conversion of oestrodiol to less potent form of oestrogen

Question 38

38. Discuss use Pranthocyanidins in neurological diseases

Answer 38

38. Inhibit B-Amyloid aggregation which is a marker for alzheimers, improve cognition and neuroprotective

Question 39

39. Which phytonutrients influence blood glucose?

Answer 39

RAN

Reveratrol, Anthoncyanins, Naringin

Question 40

40. How do ITCs influence cancer?

Answer 40

40. Influence liver detoxification of carcinogens- increase S-Glutathione Transferase
    Inhibit angiogenesis, protect DNA from carcinogenic damage

Question 41

41. Which phytonutrients influence cancer?

Answer 41

40. Lycopene, I3C, ITC, Naringin, Proanthocuanidins