Physiotherapy Flashcards
What is the definition of physiotherapy?
The treatment of physical dysfunction/injury by the use of therapeutic exercises or the application of modalities intended to restore or facilitate normal function/development.
Why do we use physio? (3)
-Concentrated on the rehabilitation of the musculoskeletal & neuro system
-Benefits are evidence based
-Techniques based on physiological function
What are the benefits of physio?
Improved circulation, relaxation of muscle spasms, prevention & relaxation of muscle contracture, dispersal of oedema in muscles, mobilisation of adherent tissues, restores normal range of motion, contributes to analgesia, quicker return to normal activity
Create a problem list for a dog post TPLO
Joint inflamm, hypersensitive, normal tracking impairment, stress, poor rom, non weight bearing, possibility of muscle atrophy
What does PRICE stand for in PT?
Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation
Roughly how many muscles make up the skeletal system and what are they responsible for?
Around 640 muscles.
-Producing body movement
-Stabilising body positions
-Storing and moving substances within body
-Generate heat
List 4 properties of muscle tissue
-Contractility
-Excitability
-Extensibility
-Elasticity
What is the fascia? functions?
A broad band of dense, irregular connective tissues that lines the body wall/limbs and support/surrounds muscles and all other organs in the body.
Functions: allows movement, carries nerves and vessels, fills space between muscles,
What is the nervous system divided into?
CNS, peripheral nervous syst, enteric nervous syst
What is the function of mechanacoreceptors?
Sense changes in joint movement, muscle tension and muscle length which then feeds into the CNS.
What is the function of muscle spindles?
Respond to muscle stretch which is used in rehab (repeat exercises, massage, stretches)
What is the function of the golgi tendon organ?
Responds to muscle tension, causing a relaxation reflex
Where are joint receptors found?
In the capsule and ligaments of every joint in the body
What are the benefits of massage therapy?
-Breaks circle of pain and muscle tension
-Inc blood flow which improves oxygenation
-Improves venous/lymphatic return
-Provides pain relief
-Accelerates muscle therapy
-Improves pet/owner bonding
What are some contradictions of massage therapy?
-local inflammatory process
-Hyperthermia
-Bruising
-Dislocation/fx
-Coagulopathy
What are the benefits of PROM
-Helps contain muscle atrophy
-Prevents adhesion
-Improves proprioception
-Reduces stiffness
-Preferably carried out after massage and heat application
What are some contradictions of PROM?
-Osteosarcomas
-Dislocations of joints
-Fractures involving joints
What is the aim of stretching? How often should it be done?
To stretch and reallign tissue structures without tearing them
Do 2-5 repetitions 1-3 times daily.
What is the aim of assisted exercise? How often should it be done?
To enhance strength and endurance and proprioceptive training (slings, towels). 10-15 repetitions 2-3 times daily.
Give some examples of active assisted exercise
Slow walks, weight shifting, dancing, incline, sit/stand exercises
What is hydrotherapy?
The use of water to relieve discomfort and promote physical wellbeing
What are some contradictions with the use of hydrotherapy?
-Oedema of unknown region
-Systemic compromise
-Open, infected wounds
-Unhealed surgical incisions
-Fever
List the benefits of hydrotherapy
-Force of buoyancy makes it easier to move
-Reduces muscle spasm & hypertonicity
-Allows gradual return to normal function (water level can be reduces as px improves)
-Increased proprioception due to sensory feedback from viscosity and water pressure
What is the ‘what’ method?
Symptoms & precautions & prognosis & other contributing factors
What is the safe approach?
List of problems, precautions and interventions
List of red flags and interventions
