Physiology Week 2 Flashcards
Somatic motor neurons are _____ and _____. They always release _____.
- Long and Myelinated
2. ACh
In the Autonomic NS, Preganglionic neurons are _____, and always release ____, while Postganglionic neurons are _____ and can release ______.
- Myelinated
- ACh
- Un-myelinated
- ACh OR NE
Somatic motor neurons synapse ______, and therefore do not have _____.
- On their target effectors
2. Ganglia
The Enteric NS is the 3rd division of the ________.
ANS
The major neurotransmitter in the SYMPATHETIC NS is _______.
NorEpinephrine
If your skin is very warm, is there more sympathetic or parasympathetic activity occurring in your body?
Parasympathetic: Because blood vessels are relaxed and filled with more blood as BP is reduced.
List the 6 organs/glands/muscles/tissues that are ONLY innervated by the Sympathetic NS and NOT the Parasympathetic NS:
- Vascular Smooth Muscle
- Sweat glands
- Pilo-erector Muscles
- Liver
- Adipose Tissue
- Kidney
List the 2 organs/glands/muscles/tissues that are ONLY innervated by the Parasympathetic NS and NOT the Sympathetic NS:
- Gastric/Pancreatic Secretions
- Lacrimal Glands
Sympathetic trunk Ganglia are also called ________.
ParaVertebral Ganglia
Pre-Ganglionic released ACh binds to ______ receptors, and post-ganglionic released ACh binds to ________, while Epinephrine/NE bind to ________ receptors.
- Nicotinic
- Muscarinic
- Adrenergic (alpha and beta)
The Adrenal Medulla is considered to be a __________.
Modified Post-Ganglionic Neuron
Which cells on the Adrenal Medulla do the pre-ganglionic neurons synapse with?
Chromaffin Cells which release Catecholamines
The majority of vascular smooth muscle uses ________ as its neurotransmitter.
NE
Metabolic rate will _________ with generalized sympathetic activity.
INCREASE
Somatic motor neurons release ________ that binds to ______ receptors.
- ACh
2. Nicotinic
Sympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release NE which binds to ________ receptors, but also release ACh which binds to _______.
- Alpha/Beta/1/2 Receptors
2. Muscarinic
Parasympathetic post-ganglionic neurons release ACh that ALWAYS binds to _______ receptors.
Muscarinic
All NICOTINIC cholinergic receptors are _________, meaning when they are bound, they allow ________. When ACh binds these, the response is ALWAYS ________.
- Ligand-Gated Cation-selective channels
- The movement of Sodium and Potassium
- Stimulatory
All MUSCARINIC cholinergic receptors are _________, meaning when they are bound, they allow __________.
- GPCR’s
2. Activation of second messenger systems
List the 3 places that Nicotinic receptors are found:
- Motor End Plates of Skeletal Muscle (Somatic System)
- ALL autonomic Post-Ganglionic Neurons (Ganglia)
- Chromaffin Cells of Adrenal Medulla
When ACh binds Muscarinic receptors, the effect is described as ___________.
EITHER stimulatory or inhibitory
List the 2 places that Muscarinic receptors are found:
- ALL effector organs of the Parasymp. NS
- Certain effector organs of the Symp. NS
i. e. Sweat Glands, vascular smooth muscle OF skeletal muscle.
Where are Adrenergic receptors found?
In the target tissues of the SNS
Alpha-1 Adrenergic Receptors:
- Where are they found? (6)
- What physiological effect do they elicit?
- What mechanism do they use to elicit it?
- Found in:
- Vascular S.M.
- Skin
- GI Tract
- Bladder
- Sphincters
- Radial Muscle/Iris - S.M. Contraction/Constriction
- Increase of IP3 to Increase Ca2+