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Biomedical Science > Physiology Term 1 > Flashcards

Physiology Term 1 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is action potential

A

This involves a small part of membranes and does not increase in strongness as they move from their site of initiation along the cell membrane.

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2
Q

What class is voltage - gated Ions

A

Transmembrane

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3
Q

What does the term homeostasis mean?

A

Homeostasis is defined as the regulation of conditions in the body such as temperature, water content and carbon dioxide levels.

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4
Q

What does extracellular fluid mean?

A

is a fluid environment in which the cell is alive and is fluid outside the cells. The two components is plasma and interstitial fluid.

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5
Q

What is the organisation of the human body

A

Chemicals, cellular, tissue ,organ, body system and organism

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6
Q

What does a muscle tissue does

A

Provide movement

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7
Q

What does a nerve tissue do

A

Internal communication

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8
Q

What does a connective tissue do

A

provides support and protection for the human body

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9
Q

What are the 11 body systems

A
  1. Cardiovascular 2. muscular 3. respiratory 4. Renal 5. Digestive system 6. circulatory 7. Immune 8.reproductive 9. endocrine 10.reproductive and the final one nervous system
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10
Q

What is an example of negative feed back loop?

A

An example is thermoregulation

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11
Q

What is active trasnport?

A

A movement against a concentration gradient

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12
Q

What are the two types of activation

A
  1. primary transport

2. Symport

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13
Q

What is simple diffusion

A

Simple diffusion is small uncharged nonpolar molecules which use energy to from high concentration to low concentration

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14
Q

What is facilitated diffusion

A

the passive movement of molecules across the cell membrane via the aid of a membrane protein.

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15
Q

What is examples of simple diffusion

A

Oxygen
carbon
Urea

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16
Q

What is examples of facilitated diffusion

A

Carbon, sodium and glucose

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17
Q

What are the three types of transport

A
  1. osmosis
  2. Simple diffusion
  3. Facilitated diffusion
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18
Q

What is an integral protein

A

It is a protein which is inserted into the cell membrane

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19
Q

Factors which affect homeostasis

A

pH
Body temperature
Water levels

20
Q

What is the job role of proteins

A

Protein provides help and support for tissues in the body and it also plays a role in mataining growth

21
Q

What is the job role of proteins

A

Protein provides help and support for tissues in the body and it also plays a role in mataining growth

22
Q

What is carbohydrates

A

Sugar molecules or carbon atom with hydrogen atom combined

23
Q

What is the role of carbohydrates

A
  1. They act as energy
  2. They control blood metabolism
  3. Help with fermentation
24
Q

What is membrane fluid

A

The plasma membrane is a fluid combination of phospholipids, cholesterol, and proteins.

25
Q

What is the membrane fluid affected by

A
  1. Extreme temperature
  2. Cholesterol levels
  3. Concentration of unsaturated fats
26
Q

Define exocytosis

A

is the process by which cells move materials from within the cell into the extracellular fluid.

27
Q

Define endocytosis

A

a cellular process in which substances are brought into the cell. The material to be internalized is surrounded by an area of cell membrane,

28
Q

What is osmosis

A

This is known as a net movement which passes through a membrane from a high concentration to a low concentration.

29
Q

What are vesicles

A

a small fluid-filled bladder, sac, cyst, or vacuole within the body.

30
Q

What does polarized means

A

Charged

31
Q

What does depolarization means

A

This term means less charge

32
Q

What is the synapse?

A

This is referred as the release of chemical neurotransmitter

33
Q

What does the synapse allow

A

This allow synapse integration

34
Q

What is a motor unit

A

A motor unit consists of a motor and all the muscles it is linked with

35
Q

Why are the muscle fibres spreaded out?

A

They are spreaded out because this can then create a weak connection for the muscles

36
Q

How does skeletal muscle work

A
  1. The action potenitial arrives at the synapse
  2. An AP is then generated in the muscle
  3. This creates movement for the muscle
37
Q

How many phases does the muscle twitch have

A

3

  1. Latest period
  2. period of contraction
  3. period of relaxation
38
Q

Force-velocity relationship of muscle

A

The faster a muscle shortens, the fewer cross bridges it can form within it, reducing the force that each fibre and hence the muscle can produce

39
Q

What effect does insulin provide

A

Inulin gives cells and organs permeable to the glucose

40
Q

What is an disease which causes hyperthyroidism

A

Grave disease which is a disease overproduction of thyroid activity and then increases enlargement of the thyroid

41
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

In positive feedback, the stimulus causes a response, and that response causes a further response in the same direction.

42
Q

What are the two gases law

A

Henry and Daltons

43
Q

What does henry law show or is

A

How gases move into and out of solution,
concentration of gases are defined as partial pressure
the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture

44
Q

What does Daltons law show

A

How a gas behaves when it is part of a mixture
The greater the partial pressure of gas in the gas phase, the more gas will enter the liquid phase

At equilibrium, the gas partial pressure in the 2 phases is equal

If the partial pressure of one gas becomes greater in the liquid than the gas phase, some of the dissolved gas will re-enter the gaseous phase

45
Q

Three factors influence external respiration

A
  1. Thickness and surface area of respiratory membrane
  2. Partial pressure gradients and gas solubilities
  3. Ventilation-perfusion coupling

Biomedical Science (9 decks)

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