Molecular And Cellular Term 1 Flashcards
What is the difference between Eukaryote and prokaryote
Eukaryote is linear
Prokaryote is singular
How big is the genomes in the prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Large
Why does bacteria fold into their circular shape
This enables the DNA to fit in the cell
What does eukaryotes structure defined as
A double helix is packed into another structure known as chromatin
What is chromatin
Chromatin is dna that is specialized positive charged proteins known as histones which enables DNA to be bent
What are the functional implications of higher order DNA packaging and chromatin structure?
- Stores our genetic code – information/instructions to make proteins
- . Needs to be able to be accurately replicated –code is passed on from parental to daughter cells
What must be done for DNA to be replicated
It must be Condensed
What is transcription
DNA strand separation, one strand serves as a template for RNA synthesis
What does ATP modelling use
Energy to slide or displace nucleosomes
What is the chromatin structure like
Dynamic
From which point of regulation does the information occur
from the point of DNA to the protein
What is gene transcription
Transcription requires unwinding of DNA double helix and strand separation, one DNA strand used a template for the synthesis of an RNA transcript
What is transcription catalzyed by?
A RNA polymerase
What is a sig factor
is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase to gene promoters.
What does operon mean
Operon means a group functionally related genes transcribe from one promoter
What are operons more common in
Bacteria and enable co ordinate
is each gene transcribed groupoid or invidual
Invidual
Does regulatory control of transcription occur in both?
YES
What is needed for regulatory control
Large compartments which are cellular
What happens between two healthy cells?
In normal, healthy tissue there is always a balance (homeostasis) between the production of new cells and the number of cells that die.
What is a villus made up of?
Each villus is made of single layer of epithelial of cells.
What form of cell to cell signalling
Pancrine
What is Invasion
spread of cancer from one organ to another organ in the body is one of the hallmarks of cancer
What does cancer require to develop
single cell the accumulation of a number of spontaneous mutations in a specific subset of genes that together confer the key traits or hallmarks of cancer
What does genetic heterogeneity
The presence of a variety of genetic defects which cause the same disease, often due to mutations at different loci on the same gene,
