Molecular And Cellular Term 1

Question 1

What is the difference between Eukaryote and prokaryote

Answer 1

Eukaryote is linear

Prokaryote is singular

Question 2

How big is the genomes in the prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 2

Large

Question 3

Why does bacteria fold into their circular shape

Answer 3

This enables the DNA to fit in the cell

Question 4

What does eukaryotes structure defined as

Answer 4

A double helix is packed into another structure known as chromatin

Question 5

What is chromatin

Answer 5

Chromatin is dna that is specialized positive charged proteins known as histones which enables DNA to be bent

Question 6

What are the functional implications of higher order DNA packaging and chromatin structure?

Answer 6

1. Stores our genetic code – information/instructions to make proteins
2. . Needs to be able to be accurately replicated –code is passed on from parental to daughter cells

Question 7

What must be done for DNA to be replicated

Answer 7

It must be Condensed

Question 8

What is transcription

Answer 8

DNA strand separation, one strand serves as a template for RNA synthesis

Question 9

What does ATP modelling use

Answer 9

Energy to slide or displace nucleosomes

Question 10

What is the chromatin structure like

Answer 10

Dynamic

Question 11

From which point of regulation does the information occur

Answer 11

from the point of DNA to the protein

Question 12

What is gene transcription

Answer 12

Transcription requires unwinding of DNA double helix and strand separation, one DNA strand used a template for the synthesis of an RNA transcript

Question 13

What is transcription catalzyed by?

Answer 13

A RNA polymerase

Question 14

What is a sig factor

Answer 14

is a protein needed for initiation of transcription in bacteria. It is a bacterial transcription initiation factor that enables specific binding of RNA polymerase to gene promoters.

Question 15

What does operon mean

Answer 15

Operon means a group functionally related genes transcribe from one promoter

Question 16

What are operons more common in

Answer 16

Bacteria and enable co ordinate

Question 17

is each gene transcribed groupoid or invidual

Answer 17

Invidual

Question 18

Does regulatory control of transcription occur in both?

Answer 18

YES

Question 19

What is needed for regulatory control

Answer 19

Large compartments which are cellular

Question 20

What happens between two healthy cells?

Answer 20

In normal, healthy tissue there is always a balance (homeostasis) between the production of new cells and the number of cells that die.

Question 21

What is a villus made up of?

Answer 21

Each villus is made of single layer of epithelial of cells.

Question 22

What form of cell to cell signalling

Answer 22

Pancrine

Question 23

What is Invasion

Answer 23

spread of cancer from one organ to another organ in the body is one of the hallmarks of cancer

Question 24

What does cancer require to develop

Answer 24

single cell the accumulation of a number of spontaneous mutations in a specific subset of genes that together confer the key traits or hallmarks of cancer

Question 25

What does genetic heterogeneity

Answer 25

The presence of a variety of genetic defects which cause the same disease, often due to mutations at different loci on the same gene,