Physiology of Team Sport Athletes Flashcards
Discuss the nature of team sports
Intermittent activity profile, >90% standing/walking/jogging, multiple high intensity involvements requiring athletes to sprint/jump/tackle, game constraints mean Vmax sprints unlikely/infrequenr
Do the fittest teams always win in team sports?
More effective teams are better than the fittest teams as they are more effective with the ball and spend less time chasing the game, not about being fit but about being able to perform maximal expressions of force under relative fatigue, matches won contained less relative total and high speed running
Explain tactical periodisation and give examples of advantages and disadvantages
Tactical periodisation refers to the idea that physical preparation should not be isolated and trained seperately but should be integrated with mental/technical/tactical training, prioritises tactical training, highly specific, excellent transfer of sills to game situation, difficult to quantify and monitor physical load that players are exposed to
Discuss the appropriate use of the terms ‘aerobic’ and ‘anaerobic’ in exercise science
Metabolic contributions to exercise can’t be easily separated or categorized so it is advisable to remove them when naming physical efforts, maximal efforts could be categorized as ‘explosive’, ‘high intensity’ or ‘endurance-intensive’ based on duration
What are the central system factors that affect endurance performance?
Cardiac output (stroke volume x heart rate), increased hormone sensitivity, improved fuel transport
What are the peripheral factors that affect endurance performance?
Increased mitochondrial density, increased capillary density, increased enzymatic capacity, increased glycogen storage
Discuss the benefits of strength training
Reduces injury risk to below a third and reduces overuse injury risk by 50%, no benefit of stretching, strength is the primary ability for change of direction/jump/sprinting abilities so training strength will improve these abilities
What are the recommended benchmarks for strength in team sport athletes?
Squat > 1.5 BW, Bench > 1.3 BW, pull up > 1.3 BW
Discuss the importance of rate of force development (RFD)?
Most team sports allow limited time to exert force (< 250 ms), applying maximum force requires longer time period (> 300 ms), therefore RFD is important, maximum muscular strength only accounts for 80% of the variance in voluntary RFD (150-250 ms)
Discuss concurrent training tips (Baar, 2014) for low and high intensity endurance training
Low intensity does not effect the signalling pathway regulating strength gains, train strength immediately after for increased strength and endurance gains, high intensity should be done early in the day to allow > 3 hours recovery before strength training, refuel completely between sessions and support resistance training with protein intake
Using the Charlie Francis high to low classification, define high intensity training
95-100% of best time, high central nervous system demand, enhances muscle fibre recruitment, requires complete recovery between repetitions, requires minimum of 48 hours between sessions, non-circulatory
Using the Charlie Francis high to low classification, define moderate intensity training
76-94% of best time, too slow to be specific to training objective, too high to adequately recover in 24 hours, central nervous system recovery limited by lack of circulatory response
Using the Charlie Francis high to low classification, define low intensity training
<75% of best time, circulatory response due to active recovery, speed enhancement through the effect of increased capillary density (heating of muscle motor neurons, lowering electrical resistance), enhances ability to maintain warm-up for prolonged duration during speed training, increased capillary density slows blood flow through tissue = increased mean transit time = more time for nutrient transfer and waste removal, enhances central nervous system recovery through improved parasympathetic response
