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ENT > Physiology of Taste (Gustation) > Flashcards

Physiology of Taste (Gustation) Flashcards

1
Q

What do taste buds consist of?

A

sensory receptor cells
support cells
arranged like orange segments

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2
Q

How long is the lifespan of a taste receptor cell?

A

10 days

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3
Q

Where are taste receptor cells replaced from?

A

basal cells within the taste buds

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4
Q

What do taste receptor cells synapse with?

A

taste afferent nerve fibres

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5
Q

Where are taste buds present?

A

tongue
palate
epiglottis
pharynx

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6
Q

Where are the majority of taste buds located?

A

papillae

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7
Q

What are papillae?

A

finger-like structures which give rise to the rough appearance of the dorsum of the tongue

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8
Q

What papillae is the most numerous?

A

filiform

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9
Q

What papillae contains no taste buds?

A

filiform

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10
Q

Which papillae contain taste buds?

A

fungiform
vallate
foliate

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11
Q

What is the mechanism of taste?

A

1 - binding of tastant to receptor cells causes depolarising receptor potential
2 - receptor potential initiates AP in afferent nerve fibres which synapse with receptor cells
3 - signals conveyed by cranial nerves via brainstem and thalamus to cortical gustatory areas

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12
Q

What CN supplies the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

A

CN VII - chordae tympani branch of the facial nerve

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13
Q

What CN supplies the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue?

A

CN IX - glossopharyngeal

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14
Q

What CN supplies areas other than the tongue?

A

CN X - vagus

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15
Q

What are the five primary tastes?

A 
salty 
sour 
sweet 
bitter 
umani (meaty or savoury)
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16
Q

What stimulates a salty taste?

A

chemical salts

especially sodium chloride

17
Q

What stimulates a sour taste?

A

acids which contain free hydrogen ions

18
Q

What stimulates a sweet taste?

A

glucose

19
Q

What stimulates a bitter taste?

A

diverse group of tastants - e.g. alkaloids, poisonous substances, toxic plant derivatives

20
Q

What is a tastant?

A

taste provoking chemical

21
Q

What stimulates an umami taste?

A

amino acids

especially glutamate

22
Q

What is ageusia?

A

loss of taste

23
Q

Give examples of things that can cause ageusia

A

nerve damage
local inflammation - glossitis, radiation, tobacco etc
some endocrine disorders

24
Q

What is hypogeusia?

A

reduced taste

25
Q

Give examples of things that can cause hypogeusia

A

chemotherapy

medication

26
Q

What is dysgeusia?

A

distortion of taste

27
Q

Give examples of things that can cause dysgeusia

A 
glossitis 
gum infections
tooth decay 
reflux 
upper respiratory tract infections 
medications 
neoplasms 
chemotherapy 
zinc deficiency

ENT (21 decks)

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