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Obs & Gynae (Obs) > Physiology of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Physiology of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

After fertilisation, the cells of the pre-embryo divide and differentiate into what as it travels down the fallopian tube to the uterus?

A

Blastocyst

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2
Q

What does the blastocyst become known as once it implants in the endometrium?

A

Embryo

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3
Q

The outer membranes of the blastocyst develop to form what?

A

The amniotic sac and placenta

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4
Q

After fertilisation, when does implantation usually occur?

A

Between days 6-10

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5
Q

An embryo becomes a foetus after how long?

A

8 weeks

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6
Q

What period of time is defined as the first trimester of pregnancy?

A

Conception to week 12

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7
Q

What period of time is defined as the second trimester of pregnancy?

A

Weeks 13 to 27

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8
Q

What period of time is defined as the third trimester of pregnancy?

A

Week 28 to delivery

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9
Q

What structure provides nutrients for the growing embryo until the placenta is established?

A

Yolk sac

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10
Q

What is a normal volume of amniotic fluid by late pregnancy?

A

900-1000mls

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11
Q

The placenta (and the foetal heart) is generally functional by when?

A

Week 5

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12
Q

Is there ever any direct contact between the foetal and maternal blood in pregnancy?

A

No

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13
Q

What hormone is responsible for preventing the regression of the corpus luteum in early pregnancy?

A

Beta HCG

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14
Q

What hormone is responsible for ensuring the endometrium is not shed in early pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

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15
Q

What hormones are secreted by the placenta?

A

Oestrogen and progesterone

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16
Q

What happens to the diastolic blood pressure in pregnancy?

A

Drops in the first two trimesters, returns to pre-pregnancy level in the third trimester

17
Q

What happens to peripheral vascular resistance in pregnancy?

A

Decreased

18
Q

What happens to the cardiac output in pregnancy?

A

Increases up to 24 weeks, decreases in the last 8 weeks, increases again in labour

19
Q

If pregnancy causes the cardiac output to rise, this means that what other two variables must also rise?

A

Heart rate and stroke volume

20
Q

What happens to the plasma volume in pregnancy?

A

Increases by 50%

21
Q

What happens to erythropoiesis in pregnancy?

A

Increases by 25%

22
Q

What happens to haemoglobin concentration in pregnancy?

A

Decreases (up to 20% would be considered normal)

23
Q

What effect does pregnancy have on coagulation?

A

Produces a hyper-coagulable state

24
Q

What happens to the platelet count in pregnancy?

A

Decreases

25
Q

What happens to the WCC and ESR in pregnancy?

A

Increase

26
Q

What hormone is most responsible for the changes in the respiratory system that are seen during pregnancy?

A

Progesterone

27
Q

What happens to the respiratory rate in pregnancy?

A

Increased

28
Q

What happens to the tidal and minute volume in pregnancy?

A

Increased

29
Q

What happens to the pCO2 in pregnancy?

A

Decreased

30
Q

What happens to the vital capacity in pregnancy?

A

No change

31
Q

What happens to the PO2 in pregnancy?

A

No change

32
Q

What happens to the O2 consumption in pregnancy?

A

Increases by 20%

33
Q

What happens to GFR and renal plasma flow in pregnancy?

A

Increased

34
Q

What happens to ALP in pregnancy?

A

Increases by 50%

35
Q

What happens to calcium requirements in pregnancy?

A

Increased

36
Q

What happens to serum levels of calcium and phosphate in pregnancy?

A

Decreased

37
Q

What is the average weight gain in pregnancy?

A

10-11kg

38
Q

By the third trimester, how many extra calories per day should be ingested by a pregnant mother?

A

250-300

Obs & Gynae (Obs) (10 decks)

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