Physiology of perception: brain and neurons

Question 1

brainstem

Answer 1

most inner region, flow of all information to and from the brain

Question 2

medulla

Answer 2

links spinal cord to brain. controls heart beat, blood pressure, digestion, swallowing

Question 3

cerebellum

Answer 3

coordination of movement, balance, procedural learning

just behind the medulla

Question 4

thalamus

Answer 4

relays sensory info from nervous system. director of bodily functions. works with seeing, sleeping, hearing, walking, tasting, touching

Question 5

Frontal lobe (four lobes)

Answer 5

just behind forehead. motor control, speech, decisions, judgements

Question 6

Temporal lobe (four lobes)

Answer 6

above ears, mainly hearing. opposite ear

Question 7

Parietal lobe (four lobes)

Answer 7

back of brain on top, touch, pressure, temp. how to hold an egg without breaking it

Question 8

occipital lobe (four lobes)

Answer 8

rear of head. Sight

Question 9

somatosensory cortex

Answer 9

processes pressures, limb position, pain, fingers can feel ridges on a record but your back can not

Question 10

primary visual cortex

Answer 10

receives visual information. occupying occipital lobe

Question 11

primary auditory cortex

Answer 11

temporal lobes. mainly for hearing and processing auditory information

Question 12

pet scan

Answer 12

inject radioactive material into brain and see where it is active

Question 13

fmri

Answer 13

measures oxygen in brain. requires you to be very still using magnetic machine

Question 14

EEG

Answer 14

scalp receptors measure brain activity

Question 15

neurons

Answer 15

transmit information through the nervous system to the brain

Question 16

dendrites (parts of a neuron)

Answer 16

fibers coming out of the cell body that accept info

Question 17

cell body (parts of a neuron)

Answer 17

inner workings of the cell. main area

Question 18

axon (parts of a neuron)

Answer 18

long tail like structure sending info between dendrites

Question 19

axon terminals (parts of a neuron)

Answer 19

finger like structures coming off axon sending info to other cells

Question 20

ion channels

Answer 20

channels in which potassium flows out and sodium flows in

Question 21

Na-

Answer 21

goes in to change resting potential to action potential

Question 22

K+

Answer 22

Goes out to make neurons rest

Question 23

neural communications

Answer 23

communication between neurons is chemical within the neuron. Electrical between neurons

Question 24

inhibitory

Answer 24

telling neurons to stop firing

Question 25

impulse

Answer 25

all or nothing firing rate

Question 26

action potential

Answer 26

40mv when resting/70mV when active

Question 27

neurotransmitters

Answer 27

chemicals that transfer info between neurons

Question 28

depolarization

Answer 28

when the cell becomes more positively charged - action

Question 29

polarization

Answer 29

when the cell becomes more negatively charged - resting

Question 30

myelin sheath

Answer 30

coating over the neurons. speeds up reactions

Question 31

acelhycholine (ach) (neurotransmitters)

Answer 31

learning, memory, muscle movements

Question 32

GABA (neurotransmitters)

Answer 32

inhibits neurotransmitters

Question 33

dopamine (neurotransmitters)

Answer 33

arousal, mood states, physical movements

Question 34

reuptake

Answer 34

when the neurotransmitters were not received the original neuron goes through the process of taking them back

Question 35

convergent circuits (neural circuits)

Answer 35

as more receptors are stimulated the higher the firing rate is

Question 36

convergent + inhibitory (neural circuits)

Answer 36

more receptors in middle. maximum point in middle. more receptors have higher firing rate then there is a point where the firing rate decreases

Question 37

recepive fields

Answer 37

an area of the retina that effects firing rate center- excitatory surrounding- inhibitory

Question 38

center surround receptive fields

Answer 38

center stimulated= highest response outside= lowest response both= middle response

Question 39

representation of the environment

Answer 39

neural impulses represent how we see the world

Question 40

grandmother cells

Answer 40

too many faces for us to have a neuron for each so we have special neurons for special people

Question 41

specificity coding

Answer 41

specific neurons responding to specific stimuli

Question 42

distributed coding

Answer 42

large number of stimuli are represented by one neuron