Physiology Of Pain

Question 1

The sensory aspect of pain

Answer 1

Nociception

Question 2

Nociceptor that responds to extremes of temperature

Answer 2

Thermoreceptors

Question 3

Nociceptors that respond to extremes of pressues including incisions

Answer 3

Mechanoreceptors

Question 4

Nocicrptors that respond to chemicals

Answer 4

Chemoreceptors

Question 5

Nociceptors that only respond to one set of stimuli

Answer 5

Unimodal

Question 6

Nociceptors that only respond to more than one type of stimuli

Answer 6

Polymodal

Question 7

Pain that is created from a stimulus that does not normally cause pain

Answer 7

Allodynia

Question 8

A normamly painful stimulus causes more pain than usual

Answer 8

Hyperalgesia

Question 9

Inflamatory mediators released when tissue is damaged

Answer 9

Prostglandins & Leukotrienes

Question 10

How can inflamatory mediators affect nociceptors

Answer 10

Lower the firing threshold and cause them to respond to less intense stimuli

Question 11

Pain which arises from the skin or muscle

Answer 11

Somatic pain

Question 12

Pain which arises from the internal organs

Answer 12

Visceral pain

Question 13

In comparison to nociceptors in the skin, visceral nociceptors are:

Answer 13

Sparse in their distribution

Question 14

Why is visceral pain harder to localise?

Answer 14

The noiciceptors are sparce and cause a diffuese sensation

Question 15

Why type of stimuli will visceral nociceptors be more reactice to?

Answer 15

Stretching and distension

Question 16

A sharp incision will be more painful in which area?

Answer 16

Skin

Question 17

The conversion of noxious stimulus into an electrical stimulus

Answer 17

Transduction

Question 18

Aδ

Answer 18

Delta

Question 19

Types of nerves

Answer 19

Aδ (delta) & C fibres

Question 20

Electrical stimuli travel up the nerves to the spinal chord

Answer 20

Transmission

Question 21

Part of the spinal chord where stimuli enters during transmission

Answer 21

the dorsal horn

Question 22

Fast conducting, small fibres which are myelinated for sharp, mechanical pain

Answer 22

Aδ fibres

Question 23

Slow conducting, unmyelinated fibred from longer lasting, or dull, burning pain

Answer 23

C fibres

Question 24

Happens in the dorsal horn to make the motor nerves move the muslce to remove the part of the budy away from the noxious stimulus

Answer 24

A reflex arc

Question 25

Other than the relex arc what happens at the doral horn in response to noxious stimulus?

Answer 25

Decision on whether the nociceptive input is sufficient enought to be passsed up to the brain or not.

Question 26

The decision making in the dorsal horn about whether to sent a signal to the brain about a nociceptive input,

Answer 26

Modulation

Question 27

What happens if modulation takes place the the dorsal horn send the signal to the brain.

Answer 27

The signal arrives at the cerebral cortex and the animal becomes aware of the pain

Question 28

Where does a signal from the dorsal horn arrive for perception of pain to occur?

Answer 28

The cerebral cortex

Question 29

Sudden onset of pain usually the result of a clearly defined cause such as an injury or surgery

Answer 29

Acute

Question 30

Pain resolved with the healing of its underlying cause and can be alleviated by analgesic drugs

Answer 30

Acute pain

Question 31

Considered a disease state.

Answer 31

Chronic pain

Question 32

Pain thast outlasts the normal time of healing, if associated with disease or injury.

Answer 32

Chronic

Question 33

Pain from tissue injury

Answer 33

Nociceotive pain

Question 34

Pain from nuerve injury

Answer 34

Neuropathic pain

Question 35

Pain from sensitised nervous system

Answer 35

Nociplastic

Question 36

Physolohical consequences of leaving a patient in pain

Answer 36

- Increased sympathetic tone - Increased systemic vascular resistance and preload - Increased stroke volume - Increased myocardial work - Increased metabolic rate - Altered clotting function - Decreased gastrointestinal and urinary tone - Increased ACTH, cortisol, ADH, renin and angiotensin - Hyperglycaemia - Increased protein muscle metabolism - Retention of sodium and water - Hypoventilation