Acute And Chronic Analgesic Drugs Flashcards
Opioid receptos sub-types
μ (mu)
k (kappa)
δ (delta)
Examples of opioids
Morphine Pethidine Methadone Buprenorphine Butorphanol Fentanyl Alfentianil
pure μ agonists
Morphone, methadone and pethidine
partial μ agonist
Buprenorphine
k agonist and a μ antagonist
Butorphanol
Opioid that can’t be given IV
Pethidine
Requirements of an opioid drug to enable it to be given epidutally
Preservative-free or preservatives are not neurotoxic
Opioid metabolism and excretion
Metabolised by the liver and excreted in the urine
Opioids commonly used for pre-medication
Buprenorphine, methadone and butorphanol
How NSAIDs work
Blocking Cyclo-oxygenase enzymes (COX)
COX enzymes convert arachidonic acid to:
Prostoglandins
Accumulation of prostoglandins reaction
Red, swollen, warm and painful tissues
Uses for NSAIDs other than analgesia
Anti-inflamatory
Anti-pyretic (decreases body temperature)
Anti-endotoxaemic
NSAIDs should not be used in these cases
- When a sterioid has been used
- In renal failure
- In cases of hypovolaemia
- When an animal is hypotensive
- Evidence of gastro-intenstinal ulceration, vomiting or diarrhoea
- Animals with a clotting dysfunction
Why do NSAIDs have an effect on clotting?
Thromboxane A2 a factor which helps in clotting is blocked by NSAID administration
Which part of the pain pathway to NASIDs affect?
Transduction
Which part of the pain pathway do Alpha 2 adrenergic agonists affect?
Modulation and Perception