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Anatomy > Physiology Of Muscles > Flashcards

Physiology Of Muscles Flashcards

0
Q

3 muscle types

A

Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle

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1
Q

Smooth muscles are not _________ like skeletal muscles

A

Striated

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2
Q

What are the properties of skeletal muscles?

A

Long, striated, multinucleate, voluntary

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2
Q

Skeletal muscles is also activated by________ which occurs unwillingly

A

Reflexes

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3
Q

each muscle fiber is served by 1 nerve ending which controls muscle activity

A

Nerve supply of SM

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4
Q

Purpose of connective tissue sheaths

A

Not ripped when they exert such force, provide strength, and support reinforcement

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5
Q

Smoot muscles are termed _________ because we have no control over it

A

Involuntary

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6
Q

What are the functions of smooth muscle

A

Force fluid and other substance through internal body channels

EMPTYING OF BOWELS AND BLADDER

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7
Q

What is the function of cardiac muscles

A

Make the heart beat

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8
Q

Peristalsis

A

Wave like contractions that move substances through certain hollow organs (digestive, bladder)

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9
Q

Where do you find cardiac muscles

A

Heart

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10
Q

What type of movement does CM have

A

Involuntary

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11
Q

What is the normal rate of CM

A

Fairly steady

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12
Q

What other system of the body can stimulate the CM contractions

A

Nervous system

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13
Q

How are smooth muscles shaped

A

Spindle shaped

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14
Q

4 functions of muscles

A 
Maintain posture
Provide movement to all parts of body
Stabilize joint (pulling on bones)
Generate heat (from contractions, maintain body temp)
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15
Q

What form of energy is used to power muscle contractions

A

ATP

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16
Q

What percent of skeletal muscle is attributed to our total body mass

A

40%

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17
Q

Where is creatine phosphate located

A

Muscles

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18
Q

What is the shape of CM, which muscle is similar

A

Cylindrical, striated.

Skeletal

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19
Q

What the duration and the net ATP produced in creatine phosphate

A

10-15 seconds

1ATP

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20
Q

Where is anaerobic respiration found

A

Mitochondria

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21
Q

CP+ADP—>ATP

A

Creatine phosphate

22
Q

Where is aerobic respiration found

A

Mitochondria

23
Q

Glucose–> Pyruvic Acid—> CO2+H2O+36ATP

A

Aerobic respirations

24
Q

What the duration and how many net ATP is in anaerobic respiration

A

30-40 seconds

2 ATP

25
Q

Needs oxygen

A

Aerobic

26
Q

Composed of bundles of cylindrical striated cells called fibers

A

Whole muscles

27
Q

What is the speed of movement for smooth muscles

A

Steady slow pace

28
Q

Small cylinder, extend from one bone to another

A

Muscle fiber cells

29
Q

Where do you find smooth muscles

A

Hollow, visceral organs (stomach l, bladder, respiratory passages)

30
Q

Hundreds of banded cylindrical myofibrils, run the length of each cells, they are the contractile elements of the cell called sacromere

A

Myofibril

31
Q

What is the duration and net ATP produced in aerobic

A

Hours

36 ATP

32
Q

Actin filament, looks like a string of beads

A

Thin filaments

33
Q

______ transmits electrical signal to axon terminals (on muscle cells)

A

Motor neuron (spinal cord)

34
Q

_____ is released, called acetylcholine (ACh)

A

Neurotransmitter

35
Q

ACh allows Na+ ions to rush into muscle cell, disrupts electrical balance is called _____

A

Action potentioal

36
Q

___ conducted from one end of cell to other = contraction muscle cells

A

Electrical impulse

37
Q

Results from oxygen debt during prolonged muscle activity

A

Muscle fatigue

38
Q

K+ ions diffuse out of cell, NaK pump moves Na K ions back to their initial positions
What is achieved

A

Resting state of muscles

39
Q

Requires oxygen
Occurs in mitochondria
Hours

A

Aerobic respiration

40
Q

___ found only in muscle fibers
____ transfers a phosphate group to ADP to make ATP
1 __ = 1ATP
15 seconds

A

Creatine phosphate

41
Q

Myosin filament, rod shaped tails with head

A

Thick filaments

42
Q

No oxygen available
Occurs in mitochondria
30-60 seconds
Accumulates lactic acid in muscles: which causes fatigue and muscle soreness

A

Anaerobic respiration

43
Q

Contractions were muscles don’t shorten, myofilaments are not moving, tension increases
Usually against immobile object

A

Isometric contractions

44
Q

A muscle that is unable to contract even though it is being stimulated

A

Muscle fatigue

45
Q

Cause muscles to contract less and less effectively until stops altogether

A

Build up of lactic acid/ no oxygen/ lack of ATP

46
Q

Increases blood supply, stores more oxygen, increases mitochondria

A

Aerobic endurance

47
Q

Breathing deeply does what

A

Replenish oxygen in muscles

48
Q

Myofilaments are sliding together normally muscle shortens and movement occurs

A

Isotonic contractions

49
Q

State is continuous partial contractions

Even relaxed

A

Muscle tone

50
Q

Results from stimulation in systematic way from nervous system
Paralysis no stimulation from nerves ___ loses ____

A

Muscle. Tone.

51
Q

Stronger more flexible greater resistance to fatigue

Does not increase muscle mass

A

Aerobic endurance

52
Q

Isometric, exercise where muscles are pushed against an immobile object
Forcing muscles to contract as much force as possible
Increase muscle cells, make more contractile filaments = big muscles
Increase connective tissue

A

Resistance exercise

53
Q

numerous vein and artery capillaries intertwined in the muscle to provide oxygen and remove wastes

A

Blood supply of SM

Anatomy (10 decks)

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