Physiology of MSK

Question 1

What is the mesoderm gives rise to ?

Answer 1

Paraxial

Question 2

What is the middle layer of the muscles ?

Answer 2

Mesoderm

Question 3

Paraxial gives rise to ?

Answer 3

Somites

Question 4

Somites gives rise to?

Answer 4

Skeletal muscles

Question 5

What are the type of muscles ?

Answer 5

Skeletal muscles
Smooth muscles
Cardiac muscles

Question 6

What transfers chemical energy to mechanical energy ?

Answer 6

Energy transduction

Question 7

What is the process of energy storage called?

Answer 7

Glycogen

Question 8

What are striated muscles ?

Answer 8

Skeletal muscles
Cardiac muscles

Voluntary muscles

Question 9

What are the unstriated muscles ?

Answer 9

Smooth muscles

Involuntary muscles

Question 10

How does skeletal muscle look like ?

Answer 10

Uninucleated
multinucleated and cylindrical
usually attached to the skeleton

Skeleton

Question 11

How does Cardiac muscle look like ?

Answer 11

It has a gap junction
branching pattern
involuntary
striated

Heart

Question 12

How does smooth muscle look like ?

Answer 12

nonstriated
spindle-shaped
involuntary
It covers the internal organs

GI

Question 13

Important things about Skeletal muscle?

Answer 13

Since skeletal muscles can contract and relax, it appears to be in voluntary muscles.

Question 14

What is the structure of skeletal muscle

Answer 14

Epimysium
Fascicle
Perimysium

Question 15

Each fibre is covered by ?

Answer 15

Endomysium

Question 16

The endomysium is covered by a bunch of fascicles, each fascicles contain lots of muscle fibers and the covering of muscle fibre called?

Answer 16

Endomysium

Question 17

Each muscle contains lots of myofibriles

Answer 17

These myofibrils contain thin and thick filaments

Question 18

Where is muscle fibre?

Answer 18

Muscle fibre is situated deep inside the muscle, inside the fascicle

Question 19

What is Sarcolemma

Answer 19

The cell membrane of the muscle fibre surrounding the skeletal muscle fiber

Question 20

What is sarcoplasm

Answer 20

The cytoplasm of the muscle fiber is called sarcoplasm

Question 21

What is the endoplasmic reticulum called?

Answer 21

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 22

What does sarcolemma form?

Answer 22

It forms T-tubules

Question 23

What could you have on the sides of T tubules ?

Answer 23

Lateral sacs ( endoplasmic reticulum ) on lateral sides together called Triad

Question 24

What is the function of sarcoplasmic reticulum( endoplasmic reticulum)?

Answer 24

Store Calcium

Question 25

What is the motor unit?

Answer 25

The motor unit is made up of motor neuron Motor neurons and the muscle fiber supplies through its branches of neuro terminals are motor unit

Question 26

What is the neuromuscular junction?

Answer 26

Junction between nerve and muscle

Question 27

What is sarcotubular system?

Answer 27

Formed by T tubule (transverse tubular system) and L tubule system

Question 28

What does T tubule contain

Answer 28

Dihydropyridine receptor

Question 29

laterally t tubule consist of ?

Answer 29

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 30

What is the function of L tubule ?

Answer 30

To store calcium

Question 31

What receptor does L tubule have?

Answer 31

Ryanodine receptor

Question 32

What does Action potential activate

Answer 32

at the resting state, It activates the DHP receptor, then it activates the rhinodine receptor and prevents the release of calcium into the sarcoplasm

Question 33

Where is calcium released?

Answer 33

into the sarcoplasm

Question 34

What is the structural and functional unit of skeletal muscle are ?

Answer 34

Sarcomere the portion between both z lines are calles as sarcomere

Question 35

How does myofibril appear?

Answer 35

It has both dark thick and thin lines H zone light band (I) only thin lines z lines

Question 36

Thick filament are only made up?

Answer 36

Myosin

Question 37

Thin filaments are made up of ?

Answer 37

Actin Troponin Tropomyosin These two T's regulate muscle contraction

Question 38

What are the contractitle protein ?

Answer 38

actin and myosin

Question 39

What does actin molecule has

Answer 39

sight fir the binding of myosine

Question 40

What does both myosin heads have?

Answer 40

acting binding site and ATP binding site

Question 41

What is thick filament made up of ?

Answer 41

myosin

Question 42

What is thin filament made up of ?

Answer 42

Actin

Question 43

Example of motor units ?

Answer 43

Gastronemius

Question 44

Two types of Contraction?

Answer 44

Isotonic Isometric

Question 45

What is isotonic

Answer 45

The tone remains the same but there is a change in the length

Question 46

What is isometric

Answer 46

The length remains the same but there is a change in tone

Question 47

Examples of Isometric exercise

Answer 47

Plank pushing against the wall

Question 48

What are the two types of muscle fibres?

Answer 48

Type 1 Slow twitch Type 2 fast twitch

Question 49

What is Type 1 Slow twitch?

Answer 49

They slowly become fatigued High number of mitochondria High number of capillaries Aerobic

Question 50

What is Type 2 a

Answer 50

Fast twitch muscle fibers Fatigue rapidly

Question 51

What is type 2b

Answer 51

Fast twitch glycolytic muscle fibres

Question 52

What is the type of endurance activity mean?

Answer 52

It includes Jogging, walking, slow running

Question 53

Which type of muscle fibers are activated here in endurance?

Answer 53

Slow Twitch fibres Type 1 eg Marathoner Long distance running More red aerobic

Question 54

What is the type of sprinting activity mean?

Answer 54

Running with high intensity

Question 55

Which fibres are activated in Sprinting or high-intensity training?

Answer 55

Fast Twitch fibres Type 2 a/b

Question 56

Slow twitch fibres are?

Answer 56

oxidative muscle fibres

Question 57

Fast twitch fibres are?

Answer 57

oxidative called type 2A glycolytic type 2B

Question 58

What reacts first once we start to exercise ?

Answer 58

Muscles within 10-15 seconds Instant energy

Question 59

What reacts after the 15 seconds ?

Answer 59

This is short time energy Anaerobic metabolism occurs

Question 60

What reacts after 2-3 mints and beyond

Answer 60

Aerobic metabolism uses glucose and fatty acids