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ANTENATAL CARE > PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION > Flashcards

PHYSIOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION Flashcards

1
Q

Episodic uterine bleeding; A response to cyclic hormonal changes; Allows conception & implantation

A

MENSTRUATION

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2
Q

Brings an ovum to maturity & renew uterine tissue bed

A

MENSTRUATION

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3
Q

Decrease FSH and LH

A

Pregnancy

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4
Q

this is responsible for the ovulation & growth of the uterine lining

A

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

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5
Q

Increase FSH and LH

A

Menstruation

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6
Q

Usually, occur at the age?

A

as early as 8-9 yrs; late as age 17

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7
Q

Length of the menstrual cycle

A

28 days, but, may differ

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8
Q

Length of menstrual flow

A

4-6 days (average)

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9
Q

First menstruation; occurs on the average of

11-14 years old (as early as 8, as late as 17)

A

Menarche

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10
Q

Painful menstruation

A

Dysmenorrhea

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11
Q

Bleeding in between menstruation

A

Metrorrhagia

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12
Q

excessive or heavy bleeding which can

cause anemia

A

Menorrhagia

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13
Q

absence of menstruation

A

Amenorrhea

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14
Q

cessation of menstruation; the average age is

51

A

Menopause

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15
Q

Hormone that initiates the menstrual cycle

A

Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

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16
Q

This is responsible in releasing the GnRH

A

Hypothalamus

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17
Q

Stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to send the gonadotropic hormone to the ovaries to produce estrogen

A

GnRH

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18
Q

This produces the FSH and LH

A

Anterior Pituitary

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19
Q

“Hormone of the Woman”

A

Estrogen

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20
Q

A. Development of secondary sex characteristics in
female
B. Inhibits production of Follicle Stimulating Hormone
(FSH)
C. Responsible for hypertrophy of myometrium

A

Estrogen

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21
Q

the clear, slippery texture of an uncooked

egg white, typical of cervical mucus during ovulation

A

Spinnbarkeit

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22
Q

test for the presence of estrogen in the
cervical mucus; estrogen causes cervical mucus to
dry on a slide in a fernlike pattern

A

Ferning

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23
Q

a method of estimating ovulation time
by changes in the mucus of the cervix that occurs
during the menstrual cycle

A

Billing Method-

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24
Q

Responsible for sodium retention therefore

causing weight gain

A

Estrogen

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25
Q

“Hormone of the Mother”

“hormone of pregnancy”

A

Progestin or Progesterone

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26
Q

➢Promotes development of placenta and mammary
glands
➢ Responsible for increased basal body temperature
➢ Responsible for mood swings of the woman

A

Progesterone

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27
Q

this hormone prepares the endometrium for implantation of

fertilized ovum

A

Progesterone

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28
Q
  • Inhibits uterine contractility
  • Inhibits production of Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
  • Decreased GIT motility leading to constipation
A

Progesterone

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29
Q

Contain primordial cells activated by the FSH to begin to grow &
mature.

A

Ovaries

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30
Q

a process where the ovum is set free from the surface of the ovary

A

ovulation

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31
Q

happens immediately after menstrual flow; a gradual increase in estrogen, rapid the proliferation of endometrium to eightfold

A

Proliferative Phase

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32
Q

Proliferative Phase ______ days of a cycle

A

6-14

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33
Q

occurs after ovulation; endometrium become corkscrew or twisted in
appearance & dilated with glycogen & mucin; increase the number of capillaries that causes rich,
spongy velvet appearance of the lining.

A

Secretory Phase

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34
Q

Secretory Phase______ days of a cycle

A

15-21

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35
Q

if fertilization does not occur,The Corpus luteum begins to regress after 8 to 10 days

  • decrease the production of estrogen & progesterone
  • degeneration of uterine lining due to decrease progesterone.
  • the capillaries rupture with minute hemorrhage
  • endothelium sloughs of
A

Ischemic Phase

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36
Q

Ischemic Phase______ days of a cycle

A

22-28

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37
Q
  • Blood, mucin, endometrial tissues & microscopic,
    unfertilized ovum is discharged from the uterus
  • the only external marker of the menstrual cycle
A

Menses

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38
Q

Menses ______ days of a cycle

A

1-5

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39
Q

the only external marker of the cycle

A

Menses

40
Q

menstrual flow contains only

A

30 - 80 mL

41
Q

Also known as fertilization or impregnation; Union of an ovum & spermatozoon

A

Conception

42
Q

Contact between the growing structure &

uterine endometrium

A

Implantation

43
Q

Occurs _________ after fertilization

A

8 to 10 days

44
Q

_____________ is the fertilized ovum

A

Zygote

45
Q

it travels _____ days to reach the uterus while mitotic cell division and sex differentiation begins

A

3-4 days

46
Q

is the mulberry like ball containing 16-50 cells; as it reaches the uterus it continues to float
and multiply for________days

A

Morula; 4 days

47
Q

when blastocyst begins to BRUSH the endometrial lining

A

Apposition

48
Q

When blastocyte begins to ATTACH to the endometrial lining

A

Adhesion

49
Q

When blastocyst begins to SETTLE DOWN the endometrial lining

A

Invasion

50
Q

implanted zygote

A

Embryo

51
Q

5 phases of pre embryonic

A 
Zygote
Morula
Blastocyst
Embryo
Fetus
52
Q

development of an unborn child is called

A

Fetus

53
Q

thickened endometrium

A

Decidua

54
Q

part of the endometrium which is located directly under the fetus where the placenta is developed

A

Basalis

55
Q

part of the endometrium that encapsulates the fetus

A

Capsularis

56
Q

the remaining portion of the endometrium

A

Vera

57
Q

probing fingers

A

Chronic Villi

58
Q

serves as a fetal lung, kidneys and GIT; has circulatory &

endocrine functions

A

Placenta-

59
Q

innermost membrane of the placenta

A

Amnion

60
Q

connects the fetus to placenta

A

Umbilical cord

61
Q

it has _________ which is protected by Wharton’s jelly; this is a must check during einc

A

2 arteries and a vein

62
Q

this can lead to abruption of the placenta and inversion of the uterus

A

Short Cord

63
Q

can lead to cord coil or cord prolapse

A

Long Cord

64
Q

clear, musty, or mousy
odor with crystallized ferning pattern; slightly
alkaline

A

Amniotic Fluid or “Bag Water”

65
Q

Normal amount of BOW

A

500-1000 cc

66
Q

Oligohydramnios :

A

less than 500 cc

67
Q

Polyhydramnios :

A

More than 1500 cc

68
Q

determine fetal lung maturity and genetic abnormalities

A

Amniocentesis

69
Q

to determine genetic abnormalities, missing or lack chromosomes

A

Genetic screening

70
Q

measures the quantity of fetal serum proteins

A

Maternal Serum Alpha Feto-Protein Test

71
Q

Maternal Serum Alpha Feto-Protein Test

if increased may indicate _______

A

spina bifida or open neural tube defects

72
Q

Maternal Serum Alpha Feto-Protein Test

If decreased may indicate __________

A

Down Syndrome

73
Q

protein component of the lung enzyme that

the alveoli forms

A

Surfactant

74
Q

direct visualization through an intact fetal membrane

A

Amnioscopy

75
Q

determine if Bag of Water (BOW) has ruptured or not

A

Fern Test

76
Q

to differentiate urine from amniotic fluid

A

Nitrazine Paper Test

77
Q

Color of urine and pH balance?

A

yellow - acidic

78
Q

color of amniotic fluid and pH balance?

A

blue-green/blue-gray- alkaline

79
Q

outermost membrane of the fetus; it is where the placenta developed

A

Chorion

80
Q

came from greek word which means “Pancake;”; Combination of chorionic villi and decidua basalis

A

Placenta/ Secundines

81
Q

Weigh of placenta

A

500g-1000g

82
Q

Size of placenta

A

1 inch thick and 8 inches diameter

83
Q

How many cotyledons is needed?

A

15-28 cotyledons

84
Q

maintains Corpus Luteum at 1st trimester and the basis of pregnancy

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

85
Q

responsible for development of the mammary glands

A

Human Placental Lactogen (HPL)

86
Q

softens bones and joints

A

Relaxin

87
Q

acts on the female genitalia to produce an
environment suitable for fertilization,
implantation and nutrition of the early
embryo

A

Estrogen

88
Q

prepares the lining (endometrium) of the
uterus to receive and sustain the fertilized egg
and so permits pregnancy

A

Progesterone

89
Q

It serves as a protective barrier against some micro-organisms

A

Placenta

90
Q

______month – the heart starts to beat

A

4th

91
Q

critical period of heart development is from

A

day 20 to day

50 after fertilization

92
Q

connects the left and right atrium so that blood

can be supplied to brain, heart and kidney, bypassing fetal lungs

A

Foramen ovale

93
Q

brings oxygenated blood coming from the placenta to the heart
and liver

A

Umbilical vein

94
Q

carry oxygenated blood from umbilical vein to inferior vena cava,
bypassing fetal liver; becomes ligamentum venosum after birth

A

Ductus venosus

95
Q

carry unoxygenated blood from the fetus (descending aorta) to
placenta;

A

Umbilical arteries

96
Q

carry oxygenated blood from pulmonary artery to aorta, bypassing
fetal lung

A

Ductus arteriosus

ANTENATAL CARE (4 decks)

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