Physiology of Exercise and CPX Testing

Question 1

Regarding cardiovascular changes with exercise (true or false):

Stroke volume increases during exercise as a result of increased end-diastolic volume

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Regarding cardiovascular changes with exercise (true or false):

The maximum stroke volume is 200 ml/beat

Answer 2

False. Maximum 110–115 ml/beat.

Question 3

Regarding cardiovascular changes with exercise (true or false):

The cardiac output whilst jogging is primarily driven by increasing heart rate and stroke volume

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Regarding cardiovascular changes with exercise (true or false):

Trained athletes significantly increase their CO by their ability to increase their heart rate

Answer 4

False. Stroke volume is increased by hypertrophy of the myocardium.

Question 5

Regarding cardiovascular changes with exercise (true or false):

Cardiovascular function is the factor that limits delivery of oxygen to the tissues

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Regarding energy sources for exercise (true or false):

Glucose is the immediate energy source (1–2 seconds)

Answer 6

False. ATP is the immediate source as is the phosphocreatine and adenylate cyclase systems.

Question 7

Regarding energy sources for exercise (true or false):

Each mol of ATP releases 7.3 kcal

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Regarding energy sources for exercise (true or false):

If pyruvate builds up due to a lack of oxygen, lactic acid is produced

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Regarding energy sources for exercise (true or false):

Glycolysis releases 28 mol of ATP

Answer 9

False. Glycolysis releases 39 mol of ATP.

Question 10

Regarding energy sources for exercise (true or false):

Protein metabolism contributes as an intermediate energy source

Answer 10

False. Protein is only used in endurance sports or during starvation.

Question 11

Regarding exercise physiology (true or false):

Aerobic glycolysis is the immediate fuel source

Answer 11

False. ATP is the immediate fuel source.

Question 12

Regarding exercise physiology (true or false):

The lactate threshold can be used as a marker of exercise intensity

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Regarding exercise physiology (true or false):

The control of CVS changes is mediated by the medulla oblongata

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Regarding exercise physiology (true or false):

The mean arterial BP reduces during exercise due to vasodilatory mechanisms

Answer 14

False. The mean arterial BP increases during exercise.

Question 15

Regarding exercise physiology (true or false):

Vasodilatory metabolites act in pre-capillary sphincters

Answer 15

True

Question 16

Regarding the respiratory changes during exercise (true or false):

The O2 deficit is at the beginning of exercise and suggests that anaerobic metabolism contributes to total ATP production

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Regarding the respiratory changes during exercise (true or false):

Ventilatory capacity reaches its maximum during high-intensity exercise

Answer 17

False. Ventilatory capacity never reaches its maximum during high-intensity exercise.

Question 18

Regarding the respiratory changes during exercise (true or false):

The post-exercise oxygen consumption (PEOC) is only to reduce lactate levels to normal

Answer 18

False. PEOC also resynthesises stored phosphocreatine, replaces O2 stores and removes lactate.

Question 19

Regarding the respiratory changes during exercise (true or false):

The PaO2 drops significantly at the beginning of exercise and this increases pulmonary ventilation

Answer 19

False. Arterial (PaO2) is maintained at a constant level during exercise.

Question 20

Regarding the respiratory changes during exercise (true or false):

VO2 max is limited mainly by extraction of O2 by the muscles

Answer 20

False. The CVS/RS systems limit the VO2 max.