Physiology of digestion in Non-Ruminants Flashcards
What does amylase do in saliva?
Hydrolyses starch
What does lingual lipase do in saliva?
Hydrolyses fats
What does hydrochloric acid do in the stomach?
Lowers the pH, kills bacteria, denatures proteins
Where is pepsinogen found?
The stomach
What is pepsinogen do?
The zymogen of pepsin
How is pepsinogen activated?
HCL and pepsin
What does pepsin do?
Partially digests protein, breaks peptide bonds, produces peptides and amino acids
What is renin also known as?
Chymosin
What does renin do?
Present in gastric juices and coagulates milk
What enzymes are found in the small intestine?
Luminal - secreted in lumen
Mucosal - found in the lining
How do pancreatic secretions work in the small intestine?
Chyme causes secretin release
Secretin stimulates release of bicarbonate
Digested food releases CCK
CCK stimulates amylase,
What is CCK?
Cholecystokinin - a hormone stimulating digestion of fat and protein
What are the 3 main protein enzymes?
Trypsinogen, Chymotrypsinogen, Procarboxpeptidase
What is used to convert trypsinogen into trypsin?
Enterokinase
What does trypsin do?
Acts on lysine bonds
What is used to convert chymotrypsinogen into chymotrypsin?
Trypsin
What does chymotrypsin do?
Acts on peptide bonds?
What is used to convert procarboxpeptidase to carboxypeptidase?
Trypsin
What is the main enzyme used in starch digestion and how?
Amylase - hydrolyses alpha bonds, generate oligosaccharides
What does bile do?
Product of cholesterol breakdown, stored in gall bladder,
What is used in lipid digestion?
Lipase (ester bonds create tris to monos)
Colipase (anchors lipase onto lipid droplet)
Phospholipase - into phospholipids
What happens in the large intestines?
Water and electrolyte absorbtion, mucus secretions, fermentation in colon and caecum
What are the three nutrient absorbtion mechanisms?
Passive transport
Carrier transport
Pinocytosis - cell drinking
What is a main site for absorbtion?
Jejunum
