Physiology of Cardiac Cycle Flashcards
1
Q
Pressure Differences
A
-pressures on left side of heart higher than right side of heart -pressure in aorta is higher than pulmonary trunk
2
Q
Valve
A
-valves will only open when pressure behind is greater than pressure in front
3
Q
Valve Sounds
A
-normally, opening of valves doesn’t produce sound -closing of valves produces sound
4
Q
Tricuspid Opening
A
RAP > RVP
5
Q
Pulmonary Valve Opening
A
RVP > Pulmonary Trunk Pressure
6
Q
Mitral Valve Opening
A
LAP > LVP
7
Q
Aortic Valve Opening
A
LVP > Aortic Pressure
8
Q
Diastole
A
-ventricular relaxation and filling
9
Q
Systole
A
-ventricular contraction and ejection
10
Q
S1
A
- first heart sound
- closure of AV valves in early systole
- due to vibrations in valves and walls of heart
- high frequency single sound
11
Q
S2
A
- second heart sound
- closure of semilunar valves (aortic and pulmonary)
- end of systole
- high pitched sound
12
Q
Physiological Splitting
A
- splitting of S2 upon inspiration
- no splitting in expiration
13
Q
S3
A
- heard at apex of heart
- due to rapid ventricular filling
- can be normal in children
- can indicate volume overload in adults, congestive heart failure
- heard in early diastole
14
Q
S4
A
- heard in late diastole
- due to atria contracting against a contracted ventricle
- indicative of heart failure
15
Q
Gallop Rhythm
A
S1 and S2 plus either S3 or S4
16
Q
Cardiac Murmur
A
-sound generated by turbulent blood flow through the heart
17
Q
Types of Murmurs
A
- flow across an obstruction (eg. aortic valve stenosis)
- increased/turbulent flow across a normal structure (eg. aortic systolic murmur in anemia)
- flow into a dilated compartment (eg. flow into a aortic aneurysm)
- regurgitant flow across an incompetent valve (eg. mitral regurgitation)
- abnormal shunting from high to low pressure chamber (eg. VSD)
