Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular > Congenital Hearth Disease - Shunts and Obstructions > Flashcards

Congenital Hearth Disease - Shunts and Obstructions Flashcards

1
Q

Segmental Analysis

A

-start with great veins and follow normal path of blood, ensuring that normal connectivity exists and that all valves are existant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Deoxygenated Blood Oxygenation %

A

~70%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Oxygenated Blood Oxygenation %

A

~95%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Shunts, Two Basic Types

A

Intracardiac and Extracardiac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Intra-cardiac Shunts

A
  • atrial septal defect
  • ventricular septal defect
  • atrioventricular septal defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Extra-cardiac Shunts

A
  • patent ductus arteriosus

- aorto-pulmonary window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Atrial Septal Defects

A
  • most common -> defect in secundum
  • defect can occur in various parts of septum, eg. secundum, primum, sinus venosus, coronary sinus
  • defect in one region may affect surrounding structures, eg. defect in primum often affects tricuspid valve
  • secundum can be closed percutaneously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Ventricular Septal Defects

A
  • can occur in different areas of septum, eg. muscular, membranous, inlet, outlet
  • muscular defects are most common in childhood, often closes spontaneously
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus

A
  • connection between aorta and pulmonary artery
  • in fetal state, blood shunts from right to left
  • usually closes at birth
  • if stays open, blood shunts from left to righ
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Flow Direction in Shunts Determinants

A
  • relative compliance (related to stiffness) between the two chambers
  • pressure differential between the two chambers
  • size of the defect
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Left to Right Shunts

A
  • acyanotic
  • ASD’s
  • VSD’s
  • AVSD’s
  • PDA’s
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Right to Left Shunts

A
  • cyanotic
  • Eisenmenger’s Syndrome (AVSD, VSD, PDA)
  • Tetralogy of Fallot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mixed Shunts

A
  • cyanotic

- transposition of the great arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Left to Right Shunts Physiological Implications

A
  • pulmonary overcirculation
  • pulmonary HTN
  • left sided chamber dilation
  • left sided chamber dysfunction
  • clinical heart failure
  • arrhythmias
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Left to Right Shunts Oxygenation Changes

A
  • see jump in oxygenation in right ventricle and pulmonary artery due to mixing of blood with VSD
  • see jump in oxygenation in pulmonary artery with PDA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Eisenmenger’s Syndrome

A
  • long-term left to right sided shunting produces excessive pulmonary over circulation
  • eventually pressures on right side of heart increase to point that they cause reverse shunting
  • left to right shunt becomes a right to left shunt
17
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot

A
  • RV hypertrophy
  • overriding aorta
  • pulmonary outflow tract obstruction
  • VSD
18
Q

Right to Left Shunting

A

-obstruction of outflow tract produces R -> L shunting in TOF

19
Q

Right to Left Shunts Oxygenation Changes

A

-see lower oxygenation in blood returning to right side of heart and in right sided chambers, normal oxygenation in pulmonary vein and left atrium, drop in oxygenation in left ventricle and aorta

20
Q

Transposition of the Great Arteries

A
  • aorta coming off right ventricle, pulmonary artery off left ventricle
  • results in two independent circuits of circulation that don’t mix, need ASD/VSD/PDA to have mixing of blood and maintain survival
  • ASD can be created to allow mixing of blood for interim
  • cyanotic heart disease - inadequate oxygenation of blood in systemic circuit
21
Q

TGA Oxygenation Changes

A
  • see low oxygenation (mid 60’s) in right side of heart and in aorta
  • see high oxygenation in left side of heart and pulmonary tracts
22
Q

Obstruction

A
  • anatomic obstruction to blood flow

- subvalvular, valvular or supravalvular level

23
Q

Obstruction Complications

A
  • no changes in oxygenation states usually
  • if severe obstruction, periphery may extract more oxygen than normal from blood, producing higher deoxygenation in blood returning to right side of heart
  • major issue is pressure gradient across obstruction and hemodynamic effect on upstream chamber
24
Q

Aortic Coarctation Physiological Implications

A
  • hypertension
  • hypoperfusion of distal tissues
  • left side of heart having to work harder, get dilation and dysfunction
  • heart failure
  • no change in oxygenation status of blood in system

Cardiovascular (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions