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OS 205 Removals Review > Physiology of Breathing 2 > Flashcards

Physiology of Breathing 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Main function of the lungs

A

Gas exchange

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2
Q

Other funtcions of the lungs aside from gas exchange

A

Heat exchange, Blood Gas Homeostasis, Phonation, Defense, Bioactive substrate metabolism

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3
Q

What will holding one’s breath do to blood gas pH?

A

Acidify

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4
Q

Rapid breaths will have what effect on blood gas pH?

A

Alkalinize

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5
Q

What controls breathing

A

Medulla Oblongata

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6
Q

Lung surface area

A

100-160m^2

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7
Q

How much of the cardiac output does the lungs receive?

A

> 95%

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8
Q

What do the lungs do to the peptides bradykinin and angiotensin?

A

Deactivate bradykinin and convert angiotensin I to angiotensin II

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9
Q

Non-respiratory functions of the lung

A

act on serotonin and norepinephrine, deactivate bradykinin, convert angiotensin I to II, remove prostaglandin residues from arachidonic acid

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10
Q

Boyle’s Law

A

P1V1 =P2V2; Temp is constant

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11
Q

T or F: During inspiration, pleural pressure is positive.

A

False. Pleural pressure is negative during inspiration. No pressure = more “freedom” to expand

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12
Q

Alveolar pressure is also known as ________?

A

Intrapulmonary pressure

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13
Q

T or F: The intrapleural pressure is of a more negative value than the atmospheric pressure during normal tidal breathing

A

True

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14
Q

What is the transpulmonary pressure?

A

Pressure difference between alveolar and intrapleural pressure

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15
Q

Importance of the transpulmonary pressure

A

It is the main force which stretches the lung and prevents its total collapse. It also determines the magnitude and direction of lung expansion

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16
Q

At resting position, the alveolar pressure (intrapulmonary pressure) is _______ to atmospheric pressure

A

Equal

17
Q

Normal value for lung compliance

A

.2 L/cm H2O

18
Q

Determinants of Lung Compliance (CRS)

A

Lung (elastic properties and surfactant)

Chest wall elasticity

19
Q

Given that “compliance” is more of a measure of how “giving” a space is, wrt a given pressure change, what does this predict?

A

Extent of volume change

20
Q

A stiff, non-compliant lung will require a (greater/lesser) pressure exchange for each breath?

A

greater

21
Q

What accounts for hysteresis seen in a lung inflated with air?

A

Surfactant

22
Q

What does the surfactant do?

A

Work to decrease surface tension, increasing compliance; protecting alveoli at risk of being destroyed due to surface tension

23
Q

According to whose law do smaller alveoli experience higher pressure than larger alveoli?

A

Laplace’s law: P=2T/r; C\As illustrated by the cohesive force of surface molecules (causing surface tension) of a bubble will exert an inward force creating pressure inside. Therefore, the smaller the bubble, the more pressure inside

24
Q

Source of surfactant

A

Type 2 Pneumocyte

25
Q

Main phospholipid of surfactant

A

Dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC)

26
Q

When the alveolar surface and large and the surfactant molecule is spread apart (as in inspiration), surfactant surface tension is less/more?

A

Less

27
Q

When a lung is being inflated from a low lung volume, is the surfactant acting a lot to reduce surface tension?

A

No. Much of it is in the water layer and NOT at the surface. There is no need to reduce surface tension

28
Q

When is surfactant effect at its greatest?

A

When the molecules are completely covering the lining surface (when alveoli are small or when the lung deflates)

29
Q

What are other functions of surfactants?

A

Expansion of lungs at birth, protects patency of airways, prevents movement of fluid to the alveolus, helps prevent pulmonary edema

30
Q

Two types of work when breathing

A

Elastic- work on inspiration to stretch lung

Resistive- work on inspiration to bring airflow into the lung against resistance and to move the tissues

31
Q

Elastic work: slow breathing ::

A

Resistive work: quick and shallow breaths

32
Q

When a higher tidal vol but slower RR, or a lower tidal vol, and faster RR occur

A

Minute ventilation

33
Q

High RR and flow = (Elastic/Resistive work)

A

High Resistive Work

34
Q

Low RR, High tidal vol = (Elastic/Resistive work)

A

High Elastic Work

35
Q

Abnormal pathology INSIDE airways manifest as wheezing during (inspi./expi)?

A

Expi

36
Q

Abnormal pathology in EXTRATHORACIC conditions will manifest as a wheeze during (inspi/expi)?

A

Inspi

OS 205 Removals Review (3 decks)

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