Physiology of body fluids

Question 1

List body fluids

Answer 1

fluid in cells
blood (plasma)
lymph
fluid between cells
cerebrospinal fluid
humours of eye
synovial fluid
gastrointestinal fluid
urine
sweat
tears
seminal/vaginal fluid

Question 2

Classification of fluids

Answer 2

intracellular 
extracellular ( interstitial fluid, plasma, transcellular)

Question 3

Electrolyte examples

Answer 3

ions- sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, hydrogen carbonate, sulphate, proteins, organic anions

Question 4

Non electrolyte examples

Answer 4

glucose, phospholipids, cholesterol, urea

Question 5

Losing water

Answer 5

urination
sweat
faeces
skin
respiratory tract

Question 6

Gaining water

Answer 6

food

drink

Question 7

Hyponatraemia

Answer 7

low sodium in blood

Question 8

Oedema

Answer 8

too much fluid in interstitial spaces

Question 9

Dehydration

Answer 9

dark urine

Question 10

Osmosis

Answer 10

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (aquaporins allow water to cross), area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration, low osmolarity to high osmolarity.

Question 11

Molarity

Answer 11

measure of molecules in a solution

Question 12

Osmolarity

Answer 12

number of osmotically active particles in a solution (1l)

Question 13

Equivalents

Answer 13

measure of concentration of charge in a solution

Question 14

Osmolality

Answer 14

number of osmotically active particles in a solution (1kg)

- depends on temperature

Question 15

Osmotic pressure

Answer 15

Physical pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent through a membrane

Question 16

Hydrostatic pressure

Answer 16

Effect of gravity and fluid

Question 17

Tonicity

Answer 17

The effective osmolarity

Question 18

Normal saline

Answer 18

0.9% sodium chloride

Question 19

Dextrose

Answer 19

5% glucose

Question 20

Hypotonic

Answer 20

water moves in -> lysis

Question 21

Hypertonic

Answer 21

water moves out -> crenation