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Geriatrics > Physiology Of Aging > Flashcards

Physiology Of Aging Flashcards

1
Q

Why is there an ongoing demographic shift?

A

Life expectancy is increasing and fertility rates are falling

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2
Q

Why are people able to live longer now?

A

Increased resource availability
Better economic conditions
Improved screening programmes meaning earlier diagnosis
Better outcomes following major events (surgery, cardiac, stroke)

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3
Q

What are the consequences of having an older population?

A

More people surviving a major event means more people living with comorbs

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4
Q

How are older people different from younger people?

A

Primary/secondary ageing

Selective survival and cohort effects

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5
Q

What is the difference between primary and secondary ageing?

A

?????????

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6
Q

What are cohort effects?

A

What a group of people like due to their generation????????

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7
Q

What is selective survival?

A

Eg during the war men went to fight so that generation now has more woman than men ????????

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8
Q

What are the beneficial effects of ageing?

A

Increased experiential learning

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9
Q

What are the neutral effects of ageing?

A

Different past times

Grey hair

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10
Q

What are the detrimental effects of ageing?

A

Hypertension
Decreased reaction times
Etc.

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11
Q

What are the 3 theories of ageing?

A

Stochastic
Programmed
Homeostasis failure

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12
Q

What is the stochastic theory of ageing?

A

Random cumulative damage

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13
Q

What is the programmed theory of ageing?

A

Predetermined degeneration

Due to gene changes throughout various stages

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14
Q

How does ageing differ between different people?

A

Inter-individual variability in development and magnitude of changes
Inter-individual variability increases with age

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15
Q

How does ageing affect the kidneys?

A

??????

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16
Q

How does ageing affect the lungs?

A

??????

17
Q

How does ageing affect the CV system?

A

??????

18
Q

What is frailty due to?

A

Progressive dyshomeostasis

19
Q

Give an example of social dyshomeostasis

Why is it so relevant?

A

Different ability to compensate for main carer going on holiday

Ageing often associated with whole system dyshomeostasis

20
Q

What is a major issue with diagnosing elderly patients?

A

The same disease can present very differently in the elderly, eg hyperthyroidism

21
Q

What are the classical symptoms of hyperthyroidism?

A

Tremor
Anxiety
Weight loss
Diarrhoea

22
Q

How can hyperthyroidism present in an elderly patient?

A 
Depression
Cognitive impairment 
Muscle weakness 
AF
Heart failure
Angina
23
Q

What is the evidence gap in geriatric medicine?

A

Many conditions are more common in geriatric patients but very few trials of medications in elderly populations takes place

Means little evidence of efficacy/safety in patients 80+

24
Q

Elderly patients are often on many medications. What are the implications of this?

A

More ADRs and DDIs

Geriatrics (13 decks)

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