PHYSIOLOGY- normal & abnormal Flashcards
Illness & surgery: DEHYDRATION causes
Osmotic diuresis (can lead to dehydration and loss of Na, K+, Phos, Mg)
DKA: Increased action of counter regulatory hormones = ….. (2)
(1) Production of free fatty acids (FFA) that change into ketone bodies which precipitates acidosis when unbuffered.
(2) Decrease effectiveness of insulin.
ACTION: Amylin (2)
(1) Supresses POSTprandial glucagon secretion.
(2) Regulates rate of gastric emptying from stomach to small intestine.
Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia are due to _______ (shaky hands, slow thinking, blurred vision, slurred speech, poor coordination, numbness, dizziness, fatigue/sleepiness)
neuroglycopenia
Shaking, sweating, racing pulse, heavy breathing are activated by _______ during HYPOglycemic episode.
hormonal counterregulation (AUTONOMIC signs and symptoms).
Illness & Surgery: Effect on BG (4) d/t increase in counterregulatory hormones at this time.
(1) Stimulates release of glucose from the liver. (2) Inhibits action of insulin. (3) Inhibits uptake of glucose by the muscle. (4) Diverts blood from the periphery, possibly affecting absorption of injected insulin.
ACTION: Insulin on body tissues (5)
(1) Augments protein synthesis by promoting the entry of AA into the cells. (2) Promotes utilization of glucose for energy by stimulating its entery into the cells. (3) Enhances storage of unused glucose as glycogen in muscle and liver cells. (4) Enhances storage of fat, and prevents fat breakfdown for energy. (5) Impedes glycogenolysis, the making of glucose from glycogen stored in muscle and liver cells.
Ketone bodies are formed when the (NAME THE ORGAN) glycogen stores are depleted.
Liver. It is another way for the liver to distribute fuel to peripheral cells (i.e. brain & muscle).
DKA: Decreased glucose uptake…
Hyperglycemia > (1) Osmotic diuresis, causing fluid loss and electrolyte depletion; (2) excretion of ketone bodies, leading to depletion of Na, K+, Cl, and fluid.
