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Clinical Bacteriology > Physiology, Metabolism & Genetics > Flashcards

Physiology, Metabolism & Genetics Flashcards

1
Q

3 Major/ Basic Nutritional needs of bacteria:

C, N, E

A

Carbon
Nitrogen
Energy (ATP)

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2
Q

Can grow simply, using CO2 as sole source of carbon

A

Autotrophs

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3
Q

Require complex organic sources such as glucose, carbohydrates, proteins or lipids

A

Heterotrophs

Medically significant & associated with infection

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4
Q

Requires additional nutrients such as vitamins, hemoglobin, etc.

A

Fastidious

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5
Q

Environmental Factors Influencing Bacterial Growth:

P, T, G

A

pH
Temperature
Gaseous Composition

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6
Q

Pathogenic bacteria grow best at what pH?

A 
Neutral pH (7.0-7.5)
Culture media are adjusted to this pH
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7
Q

Psychrophiles

A

Cold-Loving (10-20 degC)

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8
Q

Mesophiles

A

Moderate Temperature (20-40 degC)

Majority associated with disease

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9
Q

Thermophiles

A

High Temp (50-60 degC)

Agents of Intoxication & not really infections

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10
Q

Human Pathogens grow at __ degC

A

37 degC

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11
Q

Cannot grow in absence of oxygen

A

Obligate aerobes

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12
Q

Require reduced level of oxygen (5-6% O2)

A

microaerophilic

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13
Q

Can grow with or without oxygen

A

facultative anaerobes

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14
Q

Cannot grow in presence of oxygen

A

Obligate anaerobes

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15
Q

Can survive but cannot grow in aerobic conditions

A

aerotolerant anaerobes

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16
Q

Requires increased CO2 (best at 5-10% CO2)

A

Capnophilic

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17
Q

Bacteria Replicate by?

A

Binary Fission

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18
Q

What is Binary Fission?

A

Binary Fission is when one cell asexually divides into two cells

19
Q

What is Binary Fission?

A

Binary Fission is when one cell asexually divides into two cells

20
Q

Time required for 1 cell to divide into two cells

A

Generation Time/ Doubling Time

21
Q

Bacterial Growth Curve Phases:

A

Lag Phase
Log Phase
Stationary Phase
Decline Phase/ Death Phase

22
Q

Phase where bacteria prepares to divide; little to no cell division

A

Lag Phase

23
Q

What happens in the Log phase?

A

Cells actively replicate; maximum rate of doubling

Sensitive to adverse conditions and antimicrobial drugs

24
Q

Exhaustion of nutrients & accumulation of waste products; bacterial count remains constant
Slow growth rate

A

Stationary Phase

25
Q

Number of nonviable cells exceed number of viable cells

A

Death/ decline phase

26
Q

Doubling time is short, ____ replication rate

Doubling time is ____, slow replication rate

A

higher; longer

27
Q

Bacteria can be differentiated through:

S, EP, pH

A

Utilization of Substrate
Specific End-Product
production of alkaline or acidic pH

28
Q

genotype

A

genetic potential

29
Q

phenotype

A

physiologic manifestation

30
Q

single, closed, circular piece of supercoiled ds-DNA

A

Bacterial genome

31
Q

small circular pieces of DNA in cytoplasm that contain extra genetic information

A

Plasmid.
can code for genetic resistance or endotoxins
can be replicated & passed to daughter cells

32
Q

“Jumping Genes”

A

Transposons

33
Q

Insertion Sequences

A

Small mobile nucleic acid strands capable of activating or inactivating genes; may be independent or part of transposon

34
Q

FACT: Transposons can have insertion sequences at the end

A
35
Q

What is Mutation?

A

Changes that occur in DNA code

36
Q

Mutation that changes one nucleotide base leading to a change in single amino acid within a protein

A

Point Mutation/ Base Mutation

37
Q

One or a few nucleotide pairs are deleted or inserted in the DNA

A

Frameshift Mutation

38
Q

Gene transfer or gene exchange between homologous regions on 2 DNA molecules; horizontal transfer of genes between bacteria

A

Genetic Recombination

39
Q

Uptake and incorporation of naked DNA into a bacterial cell; chromosomal or plasmid DNA

A

Transformation

40
Q

Transfer of bacterial genes by bacteriophage

A

Transduction

41
Q

Transfer of genetic material from donor to recipient requiring close contact, mediated by sex pilus

A

Conjugation

42
Q

Subdivision based on phenotypic differences

A

subspecies

43
Q

Subdivision based on serologic differences

A

Serovarieties

44
Q

Subdivision based on biochemical test result differences

A

Biovarieties

Clinical Bacteriology (7 decks)

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