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Some Applied Anatomy Stuff > Physiology Lab stuff > Flashcards

Physiology Lab stuff Flashcards

1
Q

What would be some benefits and goals of passive range of motion?

A
  • Determine progress
  • Maintain joint fluid
  • Maintain range of motion in a joint
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2
Q

What is the most common direction that the patella will luxate?

A
  • Medially
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3
Q

To check for a luxating patella, what is the best position to have the leg in?

A
  • Extend the stifle
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4
Q

What structures make up the composition of the calcanean tendon?

A
  • Gracilis, biceps femoris, semitendinosus, superficial digital flexor, gastrocnemius
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5
Q

With a calcanean tendon injury, what is the significance of a completely plantigrade stance vs plantigrade stance with digits flexed?

A
  • If there is a plantigrade stance with digits flexed, then the superficial digital flexor is still intact, but the remaining muscles are intact
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6
Q

What muscles lie adjacent to the iliopsoas muscle inertion?

A
  • Pectineus (medial)
  • Adductor and gracilis
  • Iliopsoas pain if often secondary to something else
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7
Q

Name four parts of the shoulder that can happen that can lead to shoulder injury

A
  • Subscapularis, joint capsule, labrum, glenohumeral ligament
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Biceps brachii
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8
Q

What four parts of the shoulder can lead to medial shoulder instability?

A
  • Subscapularis
  • Joint capsule
  • Labrum
  • Glenohumeral ligament
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9
Q

How do you stretch the brachiocephalicus/omotransversarius?

A
  • Flex the shoulder joint and turn the head for brachiocephalicus
  • For omotransversarius, extend the neck
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10
Q

How do you stretch the rhomboids?

A
  • Lift the scapula
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11
Q

How do you stretch the pectoral muscles

A
  • Abduct the limb and pull the limb cranially
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12
Q

How do you stretch the biceps brachii?

A
  • Extend the elbow and flex the shoulder
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13
Q

How do you stretch the supraspinatus?

A
  • Flex the shoulder joint
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14
Q

How do you stretch the infraspinatus and teres minor?

A
  • Rotate medially
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15
Q

How do you stretch the deltoids?

A
  • Extend the shoulder
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16
Q

How do you stretch the triceps?

A
  • Extend the shoulder and flex the elbow
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17
Q

How do you stretch the subscapularis?

A
  • Flex the shoulder and rotate laterally
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18
Q

How do you stretch the Teres major?

A
  • Extend the shoulder and rotate laterally
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19
Q

How do you stretch the latissimus dorsi

A
  • Move cranially and extend the shoulder
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20
Q

How do you stretch the carpal flexors?

A
  • Extend the carpus and digits
21
Q

How do you stretch the carpal extensors?

A
  • flex the carpus and digits
22
Q

How do you stretch the iliopsoas?

A
  • Hip extension and medially rotate the hip
23
Q

How do you stretch the semimembranosus muscle?

A
  • Flex the hip joint, flex the stifle joint or extend the stifle join
24
Q

How do you stretch the semitendinosus muscle?

A
  • Flex the tarsus, flex the hip, and extend the stifle
25
Q

How do you stretch the Biceps femoris?

A
  • Flex the hip, stifle, and tarsal joints; extend the stifle
26
Q

How do you stretch the sartorius muscle?

A
  • Extend the hip

- Flex and extend the stifle

27
Q

How do you stretch the quadriceps?

A
  • Extend the hip

- Flex the stifle

28
Q

How do you stretch the gluteals?

A
  • Flex the hip joint and adduct it

- Rotate laterally

29
Q

How do you stretch the gracilis?

A
  • Abduct the limb, extend the stifle, and flex the hip and tarsal joints
30
Q

How do you stretch the pectineus and adductor muscles?

A
  • Abduct the hip and flex the hip
31
Q

How do you stretch the gastrocnemius?

A
  • Extend the stifle joint and flex the tarsus
32
Q

How do you stretch the superficial digital flexor tendon/

A
  • Extend the digits, flex the tarsus, extend the stifle
33
Q

How do you stretch the cranial tibial?

A
  • Extend the tarsocrural joint and rotate the paw medially
34
Q

What condition causes a gait abnormality described as a shortened stride with a rapid, elastic medial rotation of the paw, external rotation of the hock, and internal rotation of the stifle during the mid-to-late swing phase of the stride?

A
  • Gracilis or semitendinosus myopathy
35
Q

Which muscles are most commonly affected in the aforementioned condition?

A
  • Gracilis or semitendinosus
36
Q

What is the most common breed to see gracilis or semitendinosus myopathy in?

A
  • German shepherds, Belgian shepherds
37
Q

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the shoulder

A

Proximal: spine of the scapula
Axis: acromion
Distal: Lateral epicondyle

38
Q

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the elbow

A

Axis: lateral epicondyle
Proximal: greater tubercle
Distal: lateral styloid process

39
Q

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the carpus

A

Axis: ulnar carpal bone
Proximal: head of the radius
Distal: 5th metacarpal

40
Q

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the coxofemoral joint

A
  • Axis: Greater trochanter
  • Proximal: midline of ilium
  • Distal: lateral epicondyle
41
Q

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the stifle joint

A
  • Axis: lateral epicondyle
  • Proximal: greater trochanter
  • Distal: lateral malleolus
42
Q

Proximal/axis/distal locations for goniometry of the tarsus

A
  • Axis: lateral malleolus
  • Proximal: head of the fibula
  • Distal: 5th metatarsal
43
Q

Normal range of motion of carpus

A
  • Flexion: 32°

- Extension: 196°

44
Q

Normal range of motion of elbow

A
  • Flexion: 36°

- Extension: 166°

45
Q

Normal range of motion of shoulder

A
  • Flexion: 57°

- Extension: 165°

46
Q

Normal range of motion of tarsus

A
  • Flexion: 38°

- Extension: 165°

47
Q

Normal range of motion of stifle

A
  • Flexion: 41°

- Extension: 162°

48
Q

Normal range of motion of hip

A
  • Flexion: 50°

- Extension: 162°

Some Applied Anatomy Stuff (3 decks)

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