Physiology - Intro to Homeostasis

Question 1

Define Physiology.

Answer 1

the study of the function of living things

Question 2

Define Anatomy.

Answer 2

The study of the structure of living things.

Question 3

How are Physiology and Anatomy related?

Answer 3

Physiological mechanisms are made possible by the anatomical design, and relationships between parts of the body.

Question 4

List the building blocks of life in order from Atoms to Organisms.

Answer 4

Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Question 5

What are the simplest organisms are capable of independent life?
Give 2 examples

Answer 5

Single cells
Example: bacteria and amoebas

Question 6

Name the 8 basic functions of all cells.

Answer 6

1.Obtaining nutrients and oxygen (O2)
2.Creating energy (from nutrients and O2)
3. Eliminating waste products (e.g. CO2)
4. Synthesising proteins for cell functions and growth
5. Controlling movement of material into, and out of the cell
6.Effectively moving material around a cell interior
7. Responding to their surroundings
8. Reproduction – ability to divide (except some specialised cells)

Question 7

Define tissue.

Answer 7

A tissue is formed from a group of similarly structured cells and have a specialised function.

Question 8

Name the 4 types of primary tissue.

Answer 8

1. Connective tissue
2. Muscle tissue
3. Epithelial tissue
4. Nervous tissue

Question 9

What is ECF (Extracellular Fluid)?

Answer 9

ECF is a watery external environment surrounding cells but inside the body, in which cells can live.

Question 10

Name the 2 main components of (ECF) Extracellular Fluid.

Answer 10

Plasma - fluid part of the blood
Interstitial Fluid (ISF) - the fluid that surrounds cells

Question 11

Draw a diagram and label ECF

Question 12

Name the specialist systems required to maintain ECF.
Name what they do in order to maintain ECF.

Answer 12

Digestive - supplies nutrients
Respiratory - Provides O2 and removes CO2
Cardiovascular - Distributes nutrients and O2
Renal - Removes waste products

Question 13

How should ECF be maintained?

Answer 13

1. Constant replenishing of nutrients and oxygen
2. Constant removal of waste products
3. Temperature for biochemical reactions

Question 14

Define Homeostasis.

Answer 14

The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment.

Question 15

7 Regulated factors? - Homeostasis

Answer 15

1. Nutrient molecules
2. O2 and CO2
3. Waste products
4. pH
5. Water, salts and other electrolytes
6. Blood volume and pressure
7. Temperature

Question 16

What are the two categories of Homeostatic regulation?

Answer 16

Intrinsic - auto-regulation:
Adjust automatically in response to environmental change

Extrinsic - Interventions by the nervous or the endocrine system

Question 17

Define Intrinsic regualtion.
Give an example …. ie symptom, response and result

Answer 17

A direct automatic adjustment in response to some environmental change by cell/tissue/organ/physiological system.

Example
symptom: decreased tissue oxygen levels
Response : Cells release chemicals that cause local vasodilation eg: nitric oxide
Result: Increased rate of blood flow providing more oxygen to the region

Question 18

Extrinsic regulation