Physiology Final

Question 1

hormones

Answer 1

• made in glands or cells
• transported by blood
• distant target tissue receptors
• activates physiological response

Question 2

what is the function of hormones

Answer 2

• controls enzymatic reactions, transport of ions or molecules across cell membranes, gene expression, and protein synthesis
• exert large effects even at low concentrations
• bind to target cell receptors
• half life indicates length of activity

Question 3

tropic hormones

Answer 3

• act on other endocrine glands
• control hormone secretion
• from hypothalamus and anterior pituitary

Question 4

non-tropic hormones

Answer 4

• act on effector organs
• eg thyroid, adrenals, pancreas

Question 5

hormone classification

Answer 5

• peptide hormones: protein (water soluble)
• steroid hormones: cholesterol (fat soluble)
• amine hormones: tryptophan or tyrosine (amino acids)

Question 6

phases for producing a hormone

Answer 6

• preprohormone: large, inactive
• prohormone: post-translational modification
• hormone: final cuts made before it exits the cell to make it an active hormone

Question 7

peptide hormone receptor complex

Answer 7

• surface receptor
• hormone binds for enzyme activation or opens channels

Question 8

Features of peptide hormones

Answer 8

• hydrophilic (water soluble)
• can travel freely in the blood
• cannot enter a cell because of the lipid membrane, therefore uses a membrane receptor and second messenger response
• quick acting, short half life